1,721,003 research outputs found
Clinical picture of rhinusinusitis and management of out-patients [Inquadramento clinico della rinosinusite e gestione del paziente in ambulatorio]
No full textRhinosinusitis is generally due to the propagation of a nasal inflammation and may involve one or more paranasal sinuses. Depending on how long the disturbance lasts, it is classified as acute, acute recurrent and chronic. The acute and acute recurrent forms are resolved with appropriate medical therapy and there is no permanent damage to the mucosa, unlike the chronic form the pharmacological therapy of which does not determine complete anatomical pathological cure and for which the sole treatment is surgical. The incidence of this pathology lies in a range of between 0.5% and 10% depending on which author is reporting. Usually secondary to a viral infection (Rhinovirus, parainfluenzal virus 1, 2, 3, syncytial respiratory virus, adenovirus, enterovirus) it complicates following bacterial attack (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. Catarrhalis, anaerobic Streptococchi and Bacteroides). Runny nose, cephalea, slight persistent fever, cough, halitosis are the symptoms that characterise nasosinus phlogistic pathology although they are not exclusive to these conditions and can occur in other infectious situations (mucopurulent rhinitis, rhinoadenoiditis). Standard X-ray pictures do not provide constantly reliable diagnostic elements; by contrast, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and optical fibre nasal endoscopy can provide precise information in view, for example, of a surgical programme. Antibiotic therapy is the cornerstone of the medical treatment of nasosinus infectious pathology. Among the antibiotics of choice we find amoxicillin clavulanate, the 2nd or 3rd generation oral cephalosporins, the ketolides and the quinolones. Other important therapeutic aids are those aimed at facilitating the reduction of the mucous oedema of the osteo-meatal complexes and drainage of secretions from the paranasal cavities and use of nasal washing with physiological solution, decongestion agents, mucolytics and possibly antihistaminics (allergic patients). Topical corticosteroids as shown by recent clinical studies most certainly represent a useful class of drugs for the management of rhinosinusitis. Surgical therapy is used on chronic and acutely complicated forms
Rhinosinusitis: Clinico-diagnostic organizing [La rinosinusite: Inquadramento clinico-diagnostico]
No full textNasal citology: Description of a Hyperchromatic supranuclear stria as a possibile marker for the anatomical and functional integrità of the ciliated cell
No full textBACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to describe a particular intracellular hyperchromatic formation located over the nucleus of normal nasal ciliated cells. This finding, never described in literature, very rarely occurs in pathological conditions.
METHODS:
A nasal cytological test and mucociliary transport test were performed in a group of 24 subjects with rhinologic diseases and in a control group of 10 healthy subjects.
RESULTS:
The "hyperchromatic supranuclear stria" (SNS) was observed in a high percentage of normal cells (90.3%); SNS was present in very few pathological subjects (in only 6.26% of pathologic cells).
CONCLUSION:
We interpreted SNS as a specific marker for the anatomic and functional integrity of the ciliated cell. Therefore, the absence of SNS is considered an abnormal finding in the nasal mucosa and therefore could be useful as a "prognostic sign" of the disorders themselves and as an indication of the "therapeutic efficacy" of pharmacologic treatments, both topical and systemic
Cytology in the diagnosis of rhinosinusitis
No full textNasal cytology is a diagnostic tool currently used in rhinology, with the aim of assessing cell changes in the nasal epithelium exposed to irritant or inflammatory agents. Its rationale is based on the knowledge that nasal mucosa of healthy individuals is constituted by four cytotypes (ciliata, mucipara, striata, and basalis) and does not show other cells except, rarely, neutrophils and, very rarely, bacteria. In this view, the detection of a given cell type different from these is a sign of possible pathology. The advantage and the diffusion of nasal cytology were increased by a number of factors such as the easiness of performance, the non-invasiveness allowing repetition (which is often needed in the efficacy monitoring of medical or surgical treatment of nasal diseases), and the low cost. This makes nasal cytology particularly feasible for application in children. The cytological feature characterizing infectious inflammation is the presence of abundant bacteria, which may be found in extracellular tissue and also inside neutrophils as a result of phagocytosis. In such clinical condition it is important to monitor the disease with cytological controls to verify the significant decrease, or the disappearance of inflammatory cells, which indicates the resolution of the pathology. © 2007 The Authors
Assessment of biofilm by nasal cytology in different forms of rhinitis and its functional correlations
No full textRecently, it has been reported that nasal cytology in light microscopy can identify biofilms, which appear as cyan-stained "Infectious Spots". We assessed by the same method and in the same population, the presence of biofilms in different nasal disorders, and estimated if a correlation with the functional grade of obstruction existed
Pathophysiology and etiopathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux [Note di fisiopatologia ed eziopatogenesi]
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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