195 research outputs found
Suggestibility and memory conformity
No full textA comprehensive survey of the theory, research and forensic implications related to suggestibility in legal contexts that includes the latest research.
•Provides a useful digest for academics and a trusted text for students of forensic and applied psychology
•A vital resource for legal practitioners who need to familiarize themselves with the subject
•Includes practical suggestions for minimizing witness suggestibility in interviews
•Features topics that focus on suggestibility at each stage – from witnessing a crime through to tria
sj-pdf-2-tva-10.1177_15248380221079660 - Supplemental Material for A Systematic Review Exploring Variables Related to Bystander Intervention in Sexual Violence Contexts
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-2-tva-10.1177_15248380221079660 for A Systematic Review Exploring Variables Related to Bystander Intervention in Sexual Violence Contexts by Chelsea Mainwaring, Fiona Gabbert, and Adrian J. Scott in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse</p
sj-pdf-1-tva-10.1177_15248380221079660 - Supplemental Material for A Systematic Review Exploring Variables Related to Bystander Intervention in Sexual Violence Contexts
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-tva-10.1177_15248380221079660 for A Systematic Review Exploring Variables Related to Bystander Intervention in Sexual Violence Contexts by Chelsea Mainwaring, Fiona Gabbert, and Adrian J. Scott in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse</p
Suggestibility in Legal Contexts: What do we know?
No full textA comprehensive survey of the theory, research and forensic implications related to suggestibility in legal contexts that includes the latest research.
•Provides a useful digest for academics and a trusted text for students of forensic and applied psychology
•A vital resource for legal practitioners who need to familiarize themselves with the subject
•Includes practical suggestions for minimizing witness suggestibility in interviews
•Features topics that focus on suggestibility at each stage – from witnessing a crime through to tria
Memory Under Fire: The Role of the Self-Administered Interview (SAI) in Law Enforcement and Eyewitness Memory
No full textThe relationship between stress and memory remains complex and inconsistent across research domains. While basic memory research suggests that overall, stress enhances memory (Shields et al., 2017), eyewitness memory studies often report detrimental (Deffenbacher et al., 2004) or null effects (Krix et al., 2016). Memory accuracy may also be impacted by the type of interview protocol used. The Self-Administered Interview (SAI) elicits more details than free recall (Gabbert et al., 2009), making it a promising tool for investigative settings. In Study I, a conceptual replication of Krix et al. (2016), student participants completed a stress-inducing task, witnessed a mock crime, and were randomly assigned to either an SAI or free recall interview. A 2 (stress vs. control) × 2 (SAI vs. free recall) ANOVA revealed only that the SAI elicited more event details. Stress had no main or interactive effect with interview type on memory. Study II exposed a sample of law enforcement officers to a virtual reality active shooting scenario, where stress was measured afterward. Officers were randomly assigned to an immediate SAI or free recall interview, and subsequently, all were asked to complete a follow-up interview. Independent samples t-tests revealed that the SAI again elicited more correct event details in the initial interview, but no effects on other details. Correlational analyses revealed that stress initially increased the likelihood of incorrect details being reported and reduced accuracy, but did not interact with the type of interview. At follow-up, the SAI produced more incorrect perpetrator details, and stress reduced overall accuracy and the number of correct details. Notably, stress moderated the effectiveness of the SAI such that it was more effective under low stress but less so as stress increased. These findings suggest that while the SAI can enhance recall, its effectiveness may diminish under high-stress conditions, particularly after a delay.Criminal Justice and Criminolog
“With a little help from my friends…”: the role of co-witness relationship in susceptibility to misinformation
No full textInaccuracies in eyewitness accounts can occur when witnesses are exposed to post-event misinformation via discussion with a co-witness. The current study examined the role of co-witness relationship by comparing the memory performance of pairs of romantic couples, friends and previously unacquainted strangers with that of individuals. Ninety-six participants viewed an event and then discussed the witnessed event with a stranger, a romantic partner or a friend. One member of each pair saw a theft take place during the witnessed event. Individual group participants did not discuss the witnessed event with anyone. Results indicate that all co-witness dyads produced less accurate recall accounts than participants who did not interact with another witness. However, witnesses who were previously acquainted with their co-witness (either in a friendship or romantic relationship) were significantly more likely to report information obtained from their co-witness that they had not seen themselves. Prior acquaintance also led to an increased number of incorrect attributions of both guilt and innocence
Gabbert et al., Rapport Systematic Review, ACP, pre-print
No full textA growing body of research illustrates consensus between researchers and practitioners that developing rapport facilitates cooperation and disclosure in a range of professional information gathering contexts. In such contexts, rapport behaviors are often intentionally used in an attempt to facilitate a positive interaction with another adult, which may or may not result in genuine mutual rapport. To examine how rapport has been manipulated and measured in professional contexts we systematically mapped the relevant evidence-base in this field. For each of the 35 studies that met our inclusion criteria, behaviors associated with building rapport were coded in relation to whether they were verbal, non-verbal, or para-verbal. Methods to measure rapport were also coded and recorded, as were different types of disclosure. A Searchable Systematic Map was produced to catalogue key study characteristics. Discussion focuses on the underlying intention of the rapport behaviors that featured most frequently across studies
Providing eyewitnesses with initial retrieval support:what works at immediate and subsequent recall?
No full textThe effect of retrieval support on eyewitness recall was investigated in two experiments. Based on the outshining hypothesis, Experiment 1 tested whether retrieval support enhances witness performance (compared to free recall) especially when witnessing conditions are suboptimal (e.g., because witnesses were distracted during the crime). Eighty-eight participants watched a videotaped crime with either full or divided attention and subsequently received retrieval support with the Self-Administered Interview© (SAI) or completed a free recall (FR). One week later (Time 2 – T2) all participants completed a second FR. Unexpectedly, retrieval support did not lead to better memory performance than FR under divided attention conditions, suggesting that retrieval support is not effective to overcome adverse effects of divided attention. Moreover, presence of retrieval support at Time 1 (T1) had no effect on memory performance at T2. Experiment 2 (N = 81) tested the hypothesis that these T2-results were due to a reporting issue undermining the memory-preserving effect of T1-retrieval support by manipulating retrieval support (SAI vs. FR) at T1 and T2. As expected, T1-retrieval support led to increased accuracy at T2. Thus, the beneficial value of T1-retrieval support seems greatest with high-quality T2-interviews. Interviewers should consider this when planning a subsequent interview
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