1,721,030 research outputs found
Social scaling of extrapersonal space: target objects are judged as closer when the reference frame is a human agent with available movement potentialities
Full text linkSpace perception depends on our motion potentialities and our intended actions are affected by space perception. Research on peripersonal space (the space in reaching distance) shows that we perceive an object as being closer when we (Witt, Proffitt, & Epstein, 2005; Witt & Proffitt, 2008) or another actor (Costantini, Ambrosini, Sinigaglia, & Gallese, 2011; Bloesch, Davoli, Roth, Brockmole, & Abrams, 2012) can interact with it. Similarly, an object only triggers specific movements when it is placed in our peripersonal space (Costantini, Ambrosini, Tieri, Sinigaglia, & Committeri, 2010) or in the other's peripersonal space (Costantini, Committeri, & Sinigaglia, 2011; Cardellicchio, Sinigaglia, & Costantini, 2013). Moreover, also the extrapersonal space (the space outside reaching distance) seems to be perceived in relation to our movement capabilities: the more effort it takes to cover a distance, the greater we perceive the distance to be (Proffitt, Stefanucci, Banton, & Epstein, 2003; Sugovic & Witt, 2013). However, not much is known about the influence of the other's movement potentialities on our extrapersonal space perception. Three experiments were carried out investigating the categorization of distance in extrapersonal space using human or non-human allocentric reference frames (RF). Subjects were asked to judge the distance ("Near" or "Far") of a target object (a beach umbrella) placed at progressively increasing or decreasing distances until a change from near to far or vice versa was reported. In the first experiment we found a significant "Near space extension" when the allocentric RF was a human virtual agent instead of a static, inanimate object. In the second experiment we tested whether the "Near space extension" depended on the anatomical structure of the RF or its movement potentialities by adding a wooden dummy. The "Near space extension" was only observed for the human agent but not for the dummy. Finally, to rule out the possibility that the effect was simply due to a line-of-sight mechanism (visual perspective taking) we compared the human agent free to move with the same agent tied to a pole with a rope, thus reducing movement potentialities while maintaining equal visual accessibility. The "Near space extension" disappeared when this manipulation was introduced, showing that movement potentialities are the relevant factor for such an effect. Our results demonstrate for the first time that during allocentric distance judgments within extrapersonal space, we implicitly process the movement potentialities of the RF. A target object is perceived as being closer when the allocentric RF is a human with available movement potentialities, suggesting a mechanism of social scaling of extrapersonal space processing
Editorial: Rising ideas in: theoretical and philosophical psychology
No full textThis Research Topic was aimed at collecting high-quality work of international
researchers on novel ideas in theoretical and philosophical psychology. The contributions
are highly interdisciplinary, encompassing cognitive linguistics, psychology, neuroscience,
psychoanalysis and Artificial Intelligence, and are all characterized by a solid
theoretical background.
The editorial touches upon the intertwined relationship between mind and body.
Particular attention is drawn to the epistemological issue and the role of the body in research
practice and creativity. Another raised issue encompasses the impact of AI research on the
psychological research field. A final issue taps into the challenges and new methodological
approaches to studying cognition in psychological research
Contextual modulation of preferred social distance during the Covid-19 pandemic
No full textSocial distancing during a pandemic might be influenced by different attitudes: people may decide to reduce the risk and protect themselves from viral contagion, or they can opt to maintain their habits and be more exposed to the infection. To better understand the underlying motivating attitudes, we asked participants to indicate in an online platform the interpersonal distance from different social targets with professional/social behaviors considered more or less exposed to the virus. We selected five different social targets: a cohabitant, a friend working in a hospital, a friend landed from an international flight, a friend who is back from a cycling ride, or a stranger. In order to measure the realistic and the symbolic perceived threat, we administered the Brief 10-item COVID-19 threat scale. Moreover, in order to measure the risk attitude in different domains, the participants were also asked to fill in the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking DOSPERT scale. Results reveal a general preference for an increased distance from a stranger and the friends who are considered to be more exposed to the virus: the friend working in a hospital or landed from an international flight. Moreover, the interpersonal distance from friends is influenced by the perception of Realistic Threat measured through the Integrated Covid Threat Scale and the Health/Safety Risk Perception/Assumption as measured by the DOSPERT scale. Our results show the flexible and context-dependent nature of our representation of other people: as the social categories are not unchangeable fixed entities, the bodily (e.g., spatial) attitudes towards them are an object of continuous attunement
Spirituality's dimensions in psychosis
No full textAlthough both World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Psychiatric Association (APA) have underlined the importance of analyzing the dimension of spirituality and religiousness in psychiatric patients, this concern has not corresponded to an effective increase in studies on this topic. A large amount of research has been conducted concerning the role of religiousness as a coping mechanism, showing it may have a positive influence over schizophrenic patients and their relatives. Concerning the difference between religiousness delusion and beliefs, and the more difficult distinction between psychotic and mystical state, several criteria have been individualised. The most important are: the presence of mental illness in other areas of the individual's life and the residual symptoms after the experience. Comparing religiousness delusion to other types of delusions appears to be associated with a longer duration of untreated psychosis, worse outcomes and a more severe course of illness. It is of great importance to understand and deal with these topics during clinical practice either when religion is the theme of delusion or it represents an important area of patients' life
Washing your hands reduced your guilt: Evidence with an implicit semantic task
No full textQuesto studio verte sulla relazione tra pulizia fisica e morale (“Effetto Macbeth”). I partecipanti dovevano lavare le mani o manipolare un cubo, leggere un brano riguardante una situazione immorale/neutra e infine valutare l’associazione semantica tra coppie di parole. Le coppie contenevano un termine relativo alla morale e uno alla pulizia (es. colpa – sapone), un termine relativo a morale/pulizia e uno generico, o altri termini di controllo. I risultati mostrano che nel compito di associazione i TR erano più veloci nella condizione manipolazione dopo la storia morale, mentre nella condizione “pulizia” non c’erano differenze tra tipi di storia. Il lavaggio delle mani potrebbe dunque aver reso la storia immorale “neutra” come quella di controllo.This study explores the relationship between physical and moral cleanliness («Macbeth Effect»). Participants had to wash their hands or to manipulate a cube, then to read a story about an immoral or a neutral situation and at last to evaluate the semantic association between pairs of words. The pairs either included a term related to morality and one to cleanliness (e.g. guilt-soap), or a term related to morality/cleanliness and a general one, or other control terms. In the manipulation condition RTs were faster with the immoral story, while in the washing condition there was no difference between the two kinds of story. Therefore, the act of physical washing had likely rendered the immoral story «neutral» similarly to the control story
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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