1,720,965 research outputs found
Review on Aging of Bio-Oil from Biomass Pyrolysis and Strategy to Slowing Aging
Get PDFBio-oil from biomass pyrolysis is a promising alternative and clean source of biofuels, chemicals, and materials. Its chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, and multiphase behavior change over time, because of aging, which significantly affects its storage, handling, transportation, upgrading, and application. This Review focuses on studying bio-oil aging, and its outlook, primarily covering the following four components: (1) the chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, and multiphase behavior of bio-oil; (2) the indicators for measuring the degree of aging and aging characteristics, including physical and chemical properties change during long-term and accelerated aging of bio-oil; (3) the aging mechanisms and kinetics emphasizing the reactions during the aging process and different kinetic models based on different aging indicators; (4) the potential approaches to slowing bio-oil aging. This Review presents highlights in developing aging mechanisms and kinetics that will allow the reader to have an in-depth understanding of the effect of aging on bio-oil properties and the approaches to improve the resistance of bio-oil aging
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Adhesion Mechanisms of Bituminous Crack Sealant to Aggregate and Laboratory Test Development
No full textCrack sealing is a common pavement maintenance treatment because it
extends pavement service life. However, crack sealant often fails prematurely
due to a loss of adhesion. Since current test methods are mostly empirical and
only provide a qualitative measure of bond strength, they cannot predict sealant
adhesive failure accurately. Hence, there is an urgent need for test methods
based on bituminous sealant rheology that can better predict sealant field
performance. This study introduces three laboratory tests aimed to assess the
bond property of hot-poured crack sealant to pavement crack walls. The three
tests are designed to serve the respective needs of producers, engineers, and
researchers. The first test implements the principle of surface energy to measure
the thermodynamic work of adhesion, which is the energy spent in separating the
two materials at the interface. The work of adhesion is reported as a measure of
material compatibility at an interface. The second test is a direct adhesion test, a
mechanical test which is designed to closely resemble both the installation
process and the crack expansion due to thermal loading. This test uses the
Direct Tension Test (DTT) device. The principle of the test is to apply a tensile
force to detach the sealant from its aggregate counterpart. The maximum load,
Pmax, and the energy to separation, E, are calculated and reported to indicate
interface bonding. The third test implements the principles of fracture mechanics
in a pressurized circular blister test. The apparatus is specifically designed to
conduct the test for bituminous crack sealant, asphalt binder, or other bitumenbased
materials. In this test, a fluid is injected at a constant rate at the interface
between the substrate (aggregate or a standard material) and the adhesive
(crack sealant) to create a blister. The fluid pressure and blister height are
measured as functions of time; the data is used to calculate Interfacial Fracture
Energy (IFE), which is a fundamental property that can be used to predict
adhesion. The stable interface debonding process makes this test attractive.
This test also may be used to estimate the optimum annealing time, and to
quantify other interface characteristics, such as the moisture susceptibility of a bond. In addition, the elastic modulus of the sealant and its residual stresses can
be determined analytically.
While the direct adhesion test is proposed as part of newly developed
performance-based guidelines for the selection of hot-poured crack sealant, the
blister test may be used to estimate the optimum annealing time, in addition to
IFE determination.is peer reviewedSubmitted by Leslie Sweet Myrick ([email protected]) on 2009-09-10T20:26:13Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Eli Fini-PhD Dissertation Deposited on April 24-2008 .pdf: 2295461 bytes, checksum: cf48ad6d2d89a5d6b7dc3931c8d9f274 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2009-09-10T20:26:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Eli Fini-PhD Dissertation Deposited on April 24-2008 .pdf: 2295461 bytes, checksum: cf48ad6d2d89a5d6b7dc3931c8d9f274 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-05Federal Highway Administration and Canada-US Crack Sealant Consortiumunpublishe
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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