125,036 research outputs found
European regional growth
No full textThis book is the outcome of three major influences. First, the ongoing integration of the European regional economies and the need to understand what this means for European economic and social cohesion. Second, the development of geo-economic theories ranging from neoclassical growth theory and endogenous growth theory to new theories of economic geography. Third, the development of techniques of spatial data analysis, simulation, data visualization and spatial econometrics. The outcome is a collection of chapters which apply these methods, motivated by a variety of theoretical stances, in order to advance our understanding of European regional growth. The book provides powerful and detailed analyses of the causes of income, productivity and employment variations across Europe's regions, and insights into their future prospects
New directions in economic geography
No full textThis book explores original and alternative directions for economic geography following the revolution precipitated by the advent of so-called 'new economic geography' (NEG). Whilst, to some extent, the volume could be regarded as part of the inevitable creative destruction of NEG theory, it does promote the continuing role of theoretical and empirical contributions within spatial economic analysis, in which the rationale of scientific analysis and economic logic maintain a central place. With contributions from leading experts in the field, the book presents a comprehensive analysis of the extent to which NEG theory is supported in the real world. By exploring whether NEG theory can be effectively applied to provide practical insights, the authors highlight novel approaches, emerging trends, and promising new lines of enquiry in the wake of advances made by NEG
Where is the economics in spatial econometrics?
No full textSpatial econometrics has been criticized by some economists because some model specifications have been driven by data-analytic considerations rather than having a firm foundation in economic theory. In particular, this applies to the so-called W matrix, which is integral to the structure of endogenous and exogenous spatial lags, and to spatial error processes, and which are almost the sine qua non of spatial econometrics. Moreover, it has been suggested that the significance of a spatially lagged dependent variable involving W may be misleading, since it may be simply picking up the effects of omitted spatially dependent variables, incorrectly suggesting the existence of a spillover mechanism. In this paper, we review the theoretical and empirical rationale for network dependence and spatial externalities as embodied in spatially lagged variables, arguing that failing to acknowledge their presence at least leads to biased inference, can be a cause of inconsistent estimation, and leads to an incorrect understanding of true causal processes
Regional economic growth, SMEs and the wider Europe
No full textThis book makes an important and interesting contribution to the wider debate on European regional development. It looks beyond the confines of the EU proper and combines interesting and relevant case studies from a broader pan-European perspective. Also, the approaches adopted are informed by a variety of theoretical positions. By addressing the changing roles of SMEs in different regions of Eastern Europe, readers will gain insights into the different dimensions of SME development and the link between SMEs and regional growth. The book will appeal to academics researching European development and teaching courses in Economics, Social Policy, Urban Studies, Regional Development and Economic Geography, students in various faculties and departments with a regional perspective, economic and regional planners and researchers, and policy makers at national and regional levels
Estimating spatial models with endogenous variables, a spatial lag and spatially dependent disturbances: Finite sample properties
No full textThis paper discusses estimation methods for models including an endogenous spatial lag, additional endogenous variables due to system feedback and an autoregressive or a moving average error process. It extends Kelejian and Prucha's, and Fingleton and Le Gallo's feasible generalized spatial two-stage least squares estimators and also considers HAC estimation in a spatial framework as suggested by Kelejian and Prucha. An empirical example using real estate data illustrating the different estimators is proposed. The finite sample properties of the estimators are finally investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulation. Copyright (c) 2008 the author(s). Journal compilation (c) 2008 RSAI.
TESTING THE NEG MODEL : FURTHER EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA
No full textLocal wage variations in the UK are explained by two non-nested rival hypotheses. The first derives from new economic geography theory, in which wages depend on market access. The second come from urban economics theory, giving a reduced form with wage rates dependent on employment density. The paper examines whether one of these rivals is encompassed by the other by fitting an artificial nesting model using three alternative panel data estimators. The estimates indicate that neither hypothesis is encompassed by its rival, suggesting a need for new, more comprehensive, theory.PANEL DATA, SPATIALLY CORRELATED ERROR COMPONENTS, MARKET ACCESS, NEW ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, SPATIAL ECONOMETRICS, NON-NESTED HYPOTHESIS
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Explaining the scarce returns of European structural policies from a New Economic Geography perspective
No full textThis chapter has analysed the impact of EU development policies in inducing greater economic cohesion in the EU, with special focus on Objective 1 regions. The evidence that convergence has happened at country level, but that lagging regions have generally failed to catch up has been investigated with particular attention paid to the effects of Structural Fund expenditure. The results have highlighted that the Objective 1 commitments have been unbalanced towards infrastructure and business support, and that the economic returns of these development axes have been limited. New economic geography models – despite their diversity – provide some potential explanations for this. Investment in transport infrastructure, in particular, is contributing to greater economic agglomeration, making any change to the present equilibrium situation difficult. Moreover, the improvement of transport infrastructure can itself be a reason for increasing agglomeration and disparities. NEG models point out that infrastructure linking different regions usually tends to favour those regions endowed with a stronger productive fabric, and thus further reinforce agglomeration. This also contributes to explain why the expenditure in human capital, which goes in the direction of providing local economies with better skills to overcome some of the endowment shortcomings of the periphery, has been the only axis to provide significant and durable growth effects in Objective 1 regions
- …
