1,720,974 research outputs found
Response to oral and intravenous azithromycin in a patient with toxoplasma encephalitis and AIDS
No full textWe present a patient with AIDS and toxoplasma encephalitis who was unable to tolerate established therapy with sulphadiazine or clindamycin but responded to oral azithromycin and pyrimethamine. The patient was maintained on oral azithromycin but subsequently relapsed after 8 months. The recurrence was successfully treated with intravenous azithromycin. The case illustrates that azithromycin can be used to treat patients with toxoplasma encephalitis who are unable to tolerate or fail to respond to other therapeutic agents. Failure of oral azithromycin may be due to inadequate tissue concentrations and patients may further benefit from intravenous administration.</p
Experimental infection of human nasal mucosal explants with Neisseria meningitidis
No full textThe interaction of Neisseria meningitidis with rhinopharyngeal epithelium was studied by experimental infection of explants of human nasal turbinate mucosa with two wild strains: a fully capsulate case isolate, and an epidemiologically related non-capsulate nasopharyngeal isolate. After incubation for 4 h, epithelial cells of infected explants changed conformation from tall columnar morphology towards cuboidal, and there was increased discharge of mucus globules from goblet cells. By 24 h there was significant damage to infected epithelia, including projection of cells out of the surface, cytoplasmic blebbing and mitochondrial abnormalities. Meningococci were associated with surface non-ciliated cells by 4 h after infection. By 24 h after infection they were associated extensively with all cell types exhibiting damage. There was little association with secreted mucus. In areas of cell damage, penetration between surface cells was observed. Endocytosis into non-ciliated cells was observed in only a minority of explants studied and only in those infected for 24 h. From this intracellular site there was apparent migration to adjacent cells and to intercellular locations. No organisms were observed within or beneath basement membrane collagen in any explants but internalisation into mononuclear phagocytes was observed occasionally.</p
Diagnostic and management problems in a complex case of connective tissue disease
No full textA 28-year-old Nigerian woman presented with persistent pyrexia, marked pruritus, eosinophilia, myalgias, flitting arthralgias, serositis and massive splenomegaly. Intensive investigation for an infective or neoplastic aetiology proved negative. Empirical treatment for helminthic infections and tuberculosis was unhelpful. Although there were no specific clues to suggest an underlying connective tissue disease, a trial of steriods and azathioprine was introduced, with no obvious response. Her condition deteriorated to a point where it was decided that intravenous immunosuppressive therapy was needed and subsequently, her condition improved remarkably. This patient illustrates the problems in the diagnosis and management of complex disorders, particularly when classical tests for connective tissue diseases are absent. Also, we would like to report that marked pruritus can be associated with connective tissue disease.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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