197,593 research outputs found
Differential regulation of fatty acid amide hydrolase promoter in human immune cells and neuronal cells by leptin and progesterone
No full textWe have shown recently that in human T lymphocytes, leptin stimulates activity and expression of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), through STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and its CRE (cAMP response element)-like transcriptional target in the FAAH promoter [Maccarrone, M., Di Rienzo, M., Finazzi-Agro, A., & Rossi, A. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 13318-13324]. We have also shown that progesterone, alone or additively with leptin, up-regulates the FAAH gene in human T-cells, through the Ikaros transcription factor [Maccarrone, M., Bari, M., Di Rienzo, M., Finazzi-Agro, A., & Rossi, A. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 32726-32732]. Here, we extend these observations to immortalized human lymphoma U937 cells, where stimulation of FAAH by leptin (up to approximate to 300% of the controls) involves binding to a leptin receptor (K-d = 2.0 +/- 0.1 nm, B-max = 382 +/- 5 fmol.mg protein(-1), apparent molecular mass of approximate to 110 kDa), and stimulation by progesterone involves an intracellular receptor of approximate to 120 kDa. Unlike FAAH, the other proteins of the endocannabinoid system are not modulated by the two hormones. Interestingly, human neuroblastoma CHP100 cells also have a leptin receptor (approximate to 110 kDa, K-d = 2.2 +/- 0.2 n<smallcapitals>m</smallcapitals>, B-max = 339 +/- 8 fmol.mg protein(-1)), a progesterone receptor (approximate to 120 kDa), STAT3 and Ikaros, yet their FAAH is not activated by leptin or progesterone. These data, corroborated by transient expression and electrophoretic mobility-shift assays, demonstrate an unprecedented cell-specific regulation of the FAAH gene, which has important implications for the control of tone and activity of AEA along the neuroimmune axis
Gothica Bononiensia, de la découverte à nos jours
No full textLes pages suivantes visent à faire connaitre le status quaestionis de la recherche sur le palimpseste goto-latin retrouvé à Bologne en 2009. Tout ce qui a été accompli à partir du premier déchiffrement, de la transcription, de la traduction et de la contextualisation de ce nouveau document (Finazzi/Tornaghi 2013) est analysé et soumis à un examen critique afin de comprendre le milieu qui a produit ce texte de grand intérêt pour la langue, le contenu et l’histoire de l’arianisme. Ce qui ressort, c’est que la recherche devra investiguer et explorer non seulement les Bibles grecque ou latine(s) mais les apocryphes, les gloses, les commentaires, etc
Epitaxial thin films oxides on Fe: what happens when a low dimensional oxide grows on a highly reactive metal substrate?
No full textThe investigation of oxide films with a thickness of a few nanometers or below grown on another substrate is a scientific topic that has recently attracted a huge amount of experimental and theoretical research work [1].
In this contribution we shall focus on some of the recent advances in understanding the formation of transition metal oxide/Fe interfaces [2,3]. Fe can be considered on the one hand as a prototypical example of ferromagnetic material, and on the other hand as an example of a highly reactive metal. The former characteristic makes it particularly appealing for spintronic applications and magnetic storage media, while the latter makes the preparation of well-defined oxide/metal interfaces a difficult task. For this reason, despite the large body of literature focusing on the preparation and characterization of ultra-thin oxide films on inert materials such as noble and quasi noble metals, comparatively little is known about the atomic scale mechanisms driving the formation of the transition metal oxide/Fe interfaces.
In the first part of the talk we shall discuss the stabilization of single-layer-thick oxide films on Fe, by using selected examples involving the deposition of transition metals on the well-ordered and defect-free Fe(001)-p(1 × 1)O surface. This is characterized by one oxygen atom per surface unit cell which can be used as a reservoir for the stabilization and investigation of Fe-supported twodimensional transition metal oxides [4,5], avoiding at the same time the Fe oxidation occurring when more traditional preparation procedures (such as for instance metal deposition in a reactive oxygen atmosphere) are employed.
In the second part we shall discuss the growth of oxide films out of the interfacial layer, with particular emphasis on the growth mode leading at the same time to sharp interfaces, useful to correctly modeling the interfacial physical phenomena, and atomically flat surfaces, crucial to allow scanning probe microscopy studies down to the atomic scale.
References: [1] See e.g. S.Valeri and G. Pacchioni, eds., Oxide Ultrathin Films (Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim,2011).
[2] M. Finazzi, L. Duò, and F. Ciccacci, Surf. Sci. Rep. 64, 139 (2009).
[3] M. Finazzi, L. Duò, and F. Ciccacci, eds., Magnetic Properties of Antiferromagnetic Oxide Materials: Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films (Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2010).
[4] A. Picone, G. Bussetti, M. Riva, A. Calloni, A. Brambilla, L. Duò, F. Ciccacci, and M. Finazzi, Phys. Rev. B 86, 075465 (2012).
[5] A. Picone, G. Fratesi, M. Riva, G. Bussetti, A. Calloni, A. Brambilla, M.I. Trioni, L. Duò, F. Ciccacci, M. Finazzi, Phys. Rev. B 87 (2013) 085403
La poesia in volgare: le 'Rime'
No full textCapitolo sulle poesie volgari di Boccaccio con esame della storia editoriale del testo, sinossi dei contenuti e delle forme metriche e rimiche, analisi di alcune puntuali riprese di fonti classiche
Human mast cells take up and hydrolyze anandamide under the control of 5-lipoxygenase and do not express cannabinoid receptors
No full textHuman mast cells (HMC-1) take up anandamide (arachidonoyl-ethanolamide. AEA) with a saturable process (K-m = 200 +/- 20 nM, V-max = 25 +/- 3 pmol min(-1) mg protein(-1)), enhanced two-fold over control by nitric oxide-donors. Internalized AEA was hydrolized by a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAK), whose activity became measurable only in the presence of 5-lipoxygenase, but not cyclooxygenase, inhibitors. FAAH (K-m = 5.0 +/- 0.5 mu M, V-max = 160 +/- 15 pmol min(-1) mg protein(-1)) was competitively inhibited by palmitoylethanolamide. HMC-1 cells did not display a functional cannabinoid receptor on their surface and neither. AEA nor palmitoylethanolamide affected tryptase release from these cells. (C) 2000 Federation of European Biochemical Societies
La successione ab intestato
No full textLa successione legittima all'ingenuo e al liberto nelle disposizioni della legge delle XII tavoleIntestate succession to ingenuus and libertus in the Law of XII Table
LIPID RAFTS, CB2 RECEPTOR SIGNALING AND METABOLISM OF 2-ARACHIDONOYL-GLYCEROL IN HUMAN IMMUNE CELLS
No full textRecently we have shown that treatment of rat C6 glioma cells with the membrane cholesterol depletor and raft disruptor methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) doubles the binding of anandamide (AEA) to type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R), followed by CB1R-dependent signaling via adenylate cyclase (AC) and p42/p44 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity (Bari, M., Battista, N., Fezza, F., Finazzi-Agrò, A. and Maccarrone, M. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 12212-12220). Here, we investigated whether also type-2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2R), widely expressed inimmune cells, are modulated by MCD. We show that treatment of human DAUDI leukemia cells with MCD does not affect AEA binding to CB2R. The activation of CB2R by AEA triggers a similar [35S]GTPγS binding in MCD-treated and controlcells, and thus a similar effect on AC and MAPK activity, and on MAPK-dependent protection against apoptosis. The other AEA-binding receptor TRPV1, the AEA synthetase NAPE-PLD and the AEA hydrolase FAAH were not affected by MCD,whereas the activity of the AEA membrane transporter AMT was reduced to ~55% of the controls. Furthermore, neither diacylglycerol lipase nor monoacylglycerol lipase, which respectively synthesize and degrade 2-arachidonoylglycerol, were affected by MCD, whereas the transport of 2-arachidonoylglycerol was reduced to ~50%. Instead, membrane cholesterol enrichment almost doubled the uptake of 2-arachidonoylglycerol and AEA. Transient expression of CB1R and CB2R in human immune cells ruled out that the different effect of raft disruption on the two receptor subtypes might be due to the gross cellular environment. Altogether, the present data demonstrate that lipid rafts control the activity of CB1R, but not that of CB2R, and endocannabinoid transport across the plasma membranes.[...
The endocannabinoid system, anandamide and the regulation of mammalian cell apoptosis
No full textEndocannabinoids are a new class of lipid mediators, which include amides, esters and ethers of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine; AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are the main endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors able to mimic several pharmacological effects of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the active principle of Cannabis sativa preparations like hashish and marijuana. The pathways leading to the synthesis and release of AEA and 2-AG from neuronal and non-neuronal cells are still rather uncertain. Instead, it is known that the activity of AEA is limited by cellular uptake through a specific membrane transporter, followed by intracellular degradation by a fatty acid amide hydrolase. Together with AEA and congeners these proteins form the 'endocannabinoid system'. Here, the involvement of AEA in apoptosis and the underlying signal transduction pathways will be reviewed, along with the metabolic routes and the molecular targets of this endocannabinoid. Also, recent findings on the apoptotic potential of AEA for neuronal cell differentiation and brain development will be discussed
Immunohistologic diagnosis of pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease)using monoclonal antibodies
No full text- …
