1,720,966 research outputs found
Supplemental Material2 - Supplemental material for Use of near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics to evaluate the shelf-life of cloudy sonicated apple juice
No full textSupplemental material, Supplemental Material2 for Use of near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics to evaluate the shelf-life of cloudy sonicated apple juice by Lorenzo Serva, Stefania Balzan, Vittoria Bisutti, Filomena Montemurro, Giorgio Marchesini, Elisa Bastianello, Severino Segato, Enrico Novelli and Luca Fasolato in Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy</p
Supplemental Material1 - Supplemental material for Use of near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics to evaluate the shelf-life of cloudy sonicated apple juice
No full textSupplemental material, Supplemental Material1 for Use of near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics to evaluate the shelf-life of cloudy sonicated apple juice by Lorenzo Serva, Stefania Balzan, Vittoria Bisutti, Filomena Montemurro, Giorgio Marchesini, Elisa Bastianello, Severino Segato, Enrico Novelli and Luca Fasolato in Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy</p
Effect of ultrasound alone or ultrasound coupled with CO2 on the chemical composition, cheese-making properties and sensory traits of raw milk
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of different intensities and durations of ultrasound on the composition,
oxidation, cheese-making properties and sensory traits of raw milk. Moreover, the effects of the addition
of CO2 and HCl prior to the sonication were tested to determine whether these chemicals could reduce the
production of off-flavours. Treating milk with ultrasound led to certain changes in milk composition. We observed
significant increases in free fatty acid levels, oxidation, and decreases in somatic cell count and pH;
improved coagulation traits were also observed. The results of sensory evaluations revealed a significant increase
in a burnt off-flavour with increasing intensity and duration of the ultrasound treatment. The addition
of CO2 appeared to significantly reduce the disruptive effect of ultrasound, the formation of oxidation products
and the detection of the burnt off-flavour, whereas the sour flavour was increased.
Industrial relevance: Among the new technologies that are used to improve milk sanitisation and shelf life,
ultrasound treatment has been demonstrated to inactivate many bacterial species and to be a viable
sanitisation procedure.
In this study the milk coagulation properties of sonicated milk were dramatically improved following the ultrasound
(US) treatments, indicating a possible use for US in the cheese-making industry.
Moreover, despite the evident production of off-flavours caused by US in milk, the use of CO2 to reduce pyrolytic
processes and thus the formation of oxidation products, appeared to be promising with respect to the increased
use of sonication on food and other organic matrices
Ultrasonic inactivation of microorganisms: A compromise between lethal capacity and sensory quality of milk
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate eight ultrasound (US) different combinations of amplitude (70 and 100%)
and duration (50, 100, 200 and 300 s) for their lethal capacity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens,
Staphylococcus aureus and Debaryomyces hansenii, the generation of volatile compounds (VC) and their impact
on milk sensorial descriptors. The strongest treatment (100% × 300 s) led to a population reduction of 4.61,
2.75, 2.09 and 0.55 log for D. hansenii, P. fluorescens, E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, but caused milk sensorial
deterioration. Four descriptors (metallic, burnt, rubbery and sharp) were correlated with treatment duration.
Each of them, using stepwise regression analysis, was found to be associated with one VC (dodecanoic acid,
R2 = 0.90; octanoic acid, R2 = 0.82; δ-dodecalactone, R2 = 0.81 and decanoic acid methyl ester, R2 = 0.78)
that could be considered as a marker for milk sensorial deterioration caused by US.
Industrial relevance: In this study it is stated in what conditions ultrasounds (US) could be used as effective
sanitation procedure without the production of off-flavours and what is the inactivation capacity toward
E. coli, P. fluorescens and D. hansenii in that conditions. Moreover, our results indicate possible markers of milk
sensory degradation caused by US treatments. These markers (dodecanoic acid, octanoic acid, δ-dodecalactone
and decanoic acid methyl ester) could be used to check milk sensory quality after US treatment instead of
using expensive and time consuming sensory tests
A bacterial ecology study to improve shelf life of food products: meat microflora in swine fed with polyphenols from olive mill waste
No full textMeat is an excellent substrate for bacterial growth and different factors (e.g. pH, redox potential, processing conditions) influence its microbial communities. Animal feeding strategy is the management factor most actively used as a quality control tool in meat production and the use of dietary antioxidants is recommended to preserve product quality. Olive mill wastes are sources of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and a development of new bioremediation strategies is currently needed to overcome ecological problem.
This study is an evaluation of the employment of polyphenols obtained from olive mill wastes in the swine productive chain to identify possible correlation among feedstuff enrichment and meat microbial quality. To obtain a comprehensive view of the meat microbial biodiversity a 16S rRNA pyrosequencing approach was used.
RNA was extracted from nine meat samples conserved at 4°C, collected at 12 days from slaughter and derived from three groups of diets (control, phenolic extract and phenolic extract plus PUFA feedstuff enrichment). cDNA was amplified with primers targeting the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene and analyzed using the 454/Roche GS Junior technology. Subsequent analysis were carried out using the QIIME (Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology) pipeline.
Dietary enrichment resulted in a increased microbial α-diversity and richness. The enriched diets significantly decreased the relative abundances of Pseudomonas and Brochothrix genera. In particular, Pseudomonas spp. constituted 83.9% of OTUs in control samples and 38,6% in meat derived from animals fed with phenolic extract plus PUFA. These interesting effects are accompanied by a increased abundance of the Lactobacillales order in the treated samples.
Phenolic extract clearly influences the composition of the swine meat microflora and seems to ameliorate flesh quality and shelf-life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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