1,720,958 research outputs found
État des lieux des connaissances de l'anatomie et de la physiopathologie du clitoris chez les médecins en France : étude quantitative transversale auprès de 1168 médecins/thèse présentée pour le diplôme de docteur en médecine, diplôme d'État,
No full textMédecine généraleLe clitoris est un organe central de l’anatomie sexuelle féminine. Depuis quelques années, des initiatives populaires et scientifiques voient le jour pour informer sur cet organe souvent méconnu du grand public. Qu’en est-il de ce savoir dans le milieu médical ? Cette enquête étudie la connaissance de l’anatomie et de la physiopathologie du clitoris par les médecins. Elle a été menée par l’intermédiaire d’un questionnaire anonyme auquel 1168 médecins en France ont répondu. Cette thèse montre que la connaissance anatomique du clitoris est partielle. Sa taille est souvent largement sous-estimée et les éléments précis de son anatomie sont peu connus, la plupart d’entre eux l’étant moins que leurs homologues du pénis. L’analyse par sous-population montre que cette connaissance est meilleure chez les gynécologues et chez les plus jeunes médecins même si celle-ci reste partielle. La physiologie du clitoris et certaines de ses pathologies sont en revanche bien connues. Les sources utilisées d’information sur l’organe sont essentiellement non médicales, notamment les sites web destinés au grand public. Le principal frein est la rareté de la formation sur le sujet au cours du cursus puisque 84,4% des répondants n’ont jamais eu de formation médicale à ce sujet. Pourtant celle-ci serait nécessaire et utile pour la pratique médicale. En effet, 34% des répondants ont déjà rencontré au moins une pathologie clitoridienne et 54,5% ont déjà eu comme motif de consultation une plainte sexuelle féminine. De plus, 48,3% des répondants disent penser que les connaissances acquises via le questionnaire auront un impact sur leur pratique médicale. Notre étude permet de dégager des perspectives et de proposer des leviers d’action. Une formation sur l’anatomie et la physiopathologie du clitoris durant les études médicales, une mise à jour des sources médicales sur le sujet et l’élaboration d’un référentiel des pathologies du clitoris permettraient d’accroître la connaissance médicale afin d’améliorer la santé sexuelle des femmesThe clitoris is a central organ of the female sexual anatomy. In recent years, popular and scientific initiatives have been launched to inform the public about this organ, which is often misunderstood by the general public. What about this knowledge in the medical field? This survey studies the knowledge of the anatomy and the physiopathology of the clitoris by doctors. It was conducted through an anonymous questionnaire to which 1168 doctors in France responded. This thesis shows that the anatomical knowledge of the clitoris is partial. Its size is often largely underestimated and the precise elements of its anatomy are poorly known, most of them less so than their penile counterparts. Analysis by subpopulation shows that knowledge is better among gynecologists and younger physicians, although it remains partial. However the physiology of the clitoris and some of its pathologies are well known. The sources used for information on the organ are essentially non-medical, notably websites aimed at the general public. The main obstacle is the scarcity of training on the subject during the course of study, since 84.4% of respondents have never had medical training on this subject. However, this training would be necessary and useful for medical practice. Indeed, 34% of the respondents have already encountered at least one clitoral pathology and 54.5% have already had a female sexual complaint as a reason for consultation. Moreover, 48.3% of the respondents said they thought that the knowledge acquired through the questionnaire would have an impact on their medical practice. Our study allows us to identify perspectives and to propose levers for action. Training on the anatomy and pathophysiology of the clitoris during medical studies, updating medical sources on the subject, and developing a repository of clitoral pathologies would increase medical knowledge to improve women's sexual healt
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Les sciences et la nature sexuée du psychisme au tournant du xxie siècle
No full textThe idea that contemporary biomedical sciences testify to the existence of natural processes of sex differentiation of the human psyche is regularly expressed in public space. How can that be? Is it simply because scientific research has established the existence of such processes and continues to progress in understanding? Based on an analysis of the international scientific literature that could fuel that idea on one hand, and its popularization or invocation in the French media and popular literature on the other hand, this article argues that the existence of such processes is not proven and presents the social and structural factors that may explain why the contrary is nevertheless insistently stated
Idées reçues sur le clitoris. Anatomie politique et historique d’un organe méconnu
No full textInternational audienceDe l’Antiquité à aujourd’hui, les multiples dénominations et descriptions erronées du clitoris portent les traces de sa méconnaissance et de visions essentiellement masculines du corps et de la sexualité.Conséquence de cela, le clitoris reste nimbé d’un mystère propice à tous les fantasmes et idées reçues. Ainsi n’aurait-il été découvert qu’à la Renaissance et sa partie cachée décrite en 1998 seulement. Verge de la femme, selon certains, il serait, revanche ultime, mieux que le pénis !Au travers d’une fine analyse historique et anatomique émaillée de nombreux exemples, Sylvie Chaperon et Odile Fillod montrent que, ni plus ni moins admirable que le pénis, le clitoris mérite simplement d’être mieux connu.Sylvie Chaperon est historienne, spécialiste d’histoire des femmes, du genre, et de la sexologie.Odile Fillod est chercheuse en études sociales des sciences biomédicales. Elle a réalisé un modèle de clitoris imprimable en 3D qui a connu un retentissement médiatique international
Idées reçues sur le clitoris. Anatomie politique et historique d’un organe méconnu
No full textInternational audienceDe l’Antiquité à aujourd’hui, les multiples dénominations et descriptions erronées du clitoris portent les traces de sa méconnaissance et de visions essentiellement masculines du corps et de la sexualité.Conséquence de cela, le clitoris reste nimbé d’un mystère propice à tous les fantasmes et idées reçues. Ainsi n’aurait-il été découvert qu’à la Renaissance et sa partie cachée décrite en 1998 seulement. Verge de la femme, selon certains, il serait, revanche ultime, mieux que le pénis !Au travers d’une fine analyse historique et anatomique émaillée de nombreux exemples, Sylvie Chaperon et Odile Fillod montrent que, ni plus ni moins admirable que le pénis, le clitoris mérite simplement d’être mieux connu.Sylvie Chaperon est historienne, spécialiste d’histoire des femmes, du genre, et de la sexologie.Odile Fillod est chercheuse en études sociales des sciences biomédicales. Elle a réalisé un modèle de clitoris imprimable en 3D qui a connu un retentissement médiatique international
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