246 research outputs found
Implications of first LZ and XENONnT results: A comparative study of neutrino properties and light mediators
No full textNext generation direct dark matter detection experiments are favorable facilities to probe neutrino properties and light mediators beyond the Standard Model. We explore the implications of the recent data reported by LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) and XENONnT collaborations on electromagnetic neutrino interactions and neutrino generalized interactions (NGIs). We show that XENONnT places the most stringent upper limits on the effective and transition neutrino magnetic moment (of the order of few ×10−12μB) as well as stringent constraints to neutrino millicharge (of the order of ∼10−13e)–competitive to LZ–and improved by about one order of magnitude in comparison to existing constraints coming from Borexino and TEXONO. We furthermore explore the XENONnT and LZ sensitivities to simplified models with light NGIs and find improved constraints in comparison to those extracted from Borexino-Phase II data. © 2023 The Author(s
Background Mitigation in LZ and Next Generation Rare Event Searches
No full textDark matter has been indicated to make up 85% of the matter in the universe, and its discovery would deliver the first evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM); bringing forward a new era in physics and astronomy. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) arising naturally from SM extensions have been the focus of direct detection efforts, and dual-phase xenon (Xe) time projection chambers (TPCs) have been dominating this search for the past decade. The most sensitive of all Xe TPCs is LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ). From its first science run (SR1) of only 60 live-days the experiment has set a world-leading limit on the existence of WIMPs down to 9 GeV/c2. LZ will continue to explore uncharted electroweak parameter space, whilst also making the first discovery of coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering (CEνNS) from an astro-particle source, and deliver the first competitive neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) result from a direct dark matter detector.
For many detector types including TPCs, radon is the dominant background due to the sub-chain “naked” beta emission from its progeny 214Pb. This decay was predicted to account for ∼ 66% of the LZ’s projected electron-recoil (ER) background. The work presented shows the development of novel methods to track and visualise the movement of 222Rn progeny through the detector. Informing a custom-built simulation of the 222Rn decay chain, used to predict the distribution of 214Pb, and in turn its activity inside the active xenon region of the detector. A major milestone result used to inform the LZ SR1 background model.
Present radon mitigation strategies have proven vital for minimising the radon activity of current detectors, but can be strengthened by cold radon emanation assays, due to the expected suppression of radon diffusion in some materials at cold temperatures. The world’s first Cold Radon Emanation Facility (CREF) is being developed as part of the UK’s STFC R&D program Xenon Futures, working towards the development of the third generation dark matter experiment. This thesis will describe the commissioning of CREF and the first comparative high and low temperature assays of radon emanation for materials of interest.
Electrons and photons following large interactions in the TPC induce accidental events, which have emerged as a dominant background for ultra-low energy interactions, including WIMPs and 8B searches. The veto built to remove these events in SR1 resulted in a livetime loss of ∼ 30%. Improvements made to this veto through re-optimisation and behaviour tracking by the author have allowed the LZ to reclaim ∼ 20– 25% of its exposure time. This is the largest cost and time effective benefit achieved since the delivery of the SR1 results, with a major impact on the detector sensitivity
A comparative secretome analysis of industrial Aspergillus oryzae and its spontaneous mutant ZJGS-LZ-21
No full textInternational Journal of Food Microbiology, in 248, 1–9Note : if this item contains full text it may be a preprint, author manuscript, or a Gold OA copy that permits redistribution with a license such as CC BY. The final version is available through the publisher’s platform.Aspergillus oryzae koji plays a crucial role in fermented food products due to the hydrolytic activities of secreted enzymes. In the present study, we performed a comparative secretome analysis of the industrial strain of Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 and its spontaneous mutantZJGS-LZ-21. One hundred and fifty two (152) differential protein spots were excised (p<0.05), and 25 proteins were identified. Of the identified proteins, 91.3% belonged to hydrolytic enzymes acting on carbohydrates or proteins. Consistent with their enzyme activities, the expression of 14 proteins involved in the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, starch and proteins, increased in the ZJGS-LZ-21isolate. In particular, increased levels of acid protease (Pep) may favor the degradation of soy proteins in acidic environments and promote the cleavage of allergenic soybean proteins in fermentation, resulting in improvements of product safety and quality. The ZJGS-LZ-21 isolate showed higher protein secretion and increased hydrolytic activities than did strain 3.042, indicating its promising application in soybean paste fermentation.https://login.libproxy.rpi.edu/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.02.00
Low energy electron recoil searches with the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment for beyond the Standard Model physics
No full textOne of the biggest open questions in physics is confirming the fundamental nature
of dark matter, an elusive type of matter that is measured to contain up to 84%
of the calculable mass in the universe. There is currently no known way to
observe dark matter directly; consequently, all current evidence for dark matter
and its contributions to the total measured mass comes from indirect observations,
which look for the gravitational impact of dark matter’s presence throughout the
universe. Through the construction of detectors in recent years, experiments aim
to observe dark matter directly on Earth instead of searching the cosmos.
The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment is the foremost of these direct searches
for dark matter. It is based at the Sanford Underground Research Facility
(SURF) in South Dakota. Using a dual-phase time projection chamber detector
that contains 7 tonnes of xenon for dark matter searches, LZ has set worldleading
results for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) interactions with
nucleons. LZ’s signal-discrimination ability from extensive calibration campaigns
makes it sensitive to additional signals and processes beyond traditional WIMP
interactions that are not just dark-matter candidates, allowing for expanded
physics searches to be carried out. One of these searches looks for low-energy
electron recoil signals, which are a potential method of interaction for Beyond
Standard Model (BSM) particles within LZ.
This thesis will discuss the work done by the author for low-energy electron recoil
searches in LZ and present the results from these searches using LZ’s first and
third science runs. One of the low-energy electron recoil models, solar-axions,
will be investigated more closely with a study on expanding the solar axion
model to include additional production methods and interactions. This thesis
will also discuss the development of cuts aimed at tagging and removing events
that correspond to periods of excess noise within the time projection chamber
and outer detector of LZ
Selective Foam Separation of Binary Protein Solution by SDS Complexation Method.
No full textA fundamental study about the selective foam separation of protein mixture was carried out. A solution containing two proteins, Ovalbumin (OA) and Lysozyme (LZ), and an anionic surfactant, Sodium Dodecyle Sulfate (SDS), was adjusted to pH 6.0 which refered to an intermediate state between the isoelectric points of the proteins. The solution was processed by continuous foam separation. The results showed that a proper addition of SDS greatly improved the selective recovery of LZ to OA. The experimental data were well explained by a simple model that most of cationic protein molecules (LZ) are associated with SDS and the adsorption of all the species including LZ-SDS complexes are subjected to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The results also showed that one of the Langmuir parameters, which means a kind of lyophillic property of adsorbed material, of LZ-SDS complexes was extremely large as compared with that of primary protein
Quaternion-valued smooth orthogonal wavelets with short support and symmetry
No full textIn this paper, we define the quaternion-valued multiresolution analysis of L-2(R, H). We give the properties of the scaling functions, wavelet functions and their corresponding low-pass and high-pass filters, and present a sufficient condition for the existence of the quaternion-valued wavelet. By solving the system of equations, we obtain some kinds of low-pass filters and high-pass filters with short support and symmetry of smooth orthogonal wavelets. We also construct quaternion-valued wavelets of a quaternion variable on L-2(H, H).MathematicsCPCI-S(ISTP)
Design of smooth orthogonal wavelets with beautiful structure from 2-band to 4-band
No full textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Cel?lz?de Mu??afa Çelebi'ye Atfedilen Hediyyetü'l-Mü?min?n Risalesine Dair: Sel?mn?me Mukaddimesi
No full textNish?nci Jal?lz?de Mu??af? (d. 975/1567) was one of the most important diplomats of the Suleiman the Magnificent period, and was a writer who wrote many works, made translations, and was prominent with his prose. It is seen that Jal?lz?de's literary production increased after he retired from his duty as tughra? (imperial scribe) in 964/1556-57. The text, thought to have been written during this period and referred to as Hadiyyat al-Mu?min?n in secondary sources, is registered at number NEKTY07204 in the Istanbul University Library. Since there is no introduction, it is not clear to which genre the text belongs. In secondary sources, it is stated that the subject of the text is a religious-moral treatise. It is noteworthy that the text can be considered as an introduction, as it contains praise, eulogy and exaltation towards Islamic important figures. In this article, we thought of examining Hadiyyat al-Mu’min?n, which we saw had not been examined before, in terms of form and content and presenting its text. When we examined Jal?lz?de's other works, we determined that the copy was actually the introduction of Sel?mn?ma. There have been two studies on the introduction of Sel?mn?ma so far. In one of these studies, transcription was used in the article but the introduction was not completed, and in the second study, transcription was not used in the publication of the Sel?mn?ma’s text. In this article, we will first give brief information about the author's life and works. We will examine the formal elements of both the prose and verse sections of the introduction in question. We will give information about Jal?lz?de's prose and verse style and the content of the work. Therefore, we will present something different from these two studies. We will show the steps we followed to determine that the text in question was actually another work and make inferences about which genre it would be considered if it were an independent work. We will compare the book of Sel?mn?ma with the copy we have and list the places we found to be wrong in the book in a table. © 2025 Ankara University, Journal of the Faculty of Divinity. All rights reserved
Drag reduction by herringbone riblet texture in direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow
No full textA bird-feather-inspired herringbone riblet texture was investigated for turbulent drag reduction. The texture consists of blade riblets in a converging/diverging or herringbone pattern with spanwise wavelength Λf. The aim is to quantify the drag change for this texture as compared to a smooth wall and to study the underlying mechanisms. To that purpose, direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow in a channel with height Lz were performed. The Fukagata-Iwamoto-Kasagi identity for drag decomposition was extended to textured walls and was used to study the drag change mechanisms. For Λf/Lz ≳ O(10), the herringbone texture behaves similarly to a conventional parallel-riblet texture in yaw: the suppression of turbulent advective transport results in a slight drag reduction of 2%. For Λf/Lz ≲ O(1), the drag increases strongly with a maximum of 73%. This is attributed to enhanced mean and turbulent advection, which results from the strong secondary flow that forms over regions of riblet convergence/divergence. Hence, the employment of convergent/divergent riblets in the texture seems to be detrimental to turbulent drag reduction
How are falls and fear of falling associated with objectively measured physical activity in a cohort of community-dwelling older men?
No full textFalls affect approximately one third of community-dwelling older adults each year and have serious health and social consequences. Fear of falling (FOF) (lack of confidence in maintaining balance during normal activities) affects many older adults, irrespective of whether they have actually experienced falls. Both falls and fear of falls may result in restrictions of physical activity, which in turn have health consequences. To date the relation between (i) falls and (ii) fear of falling with physical activity have not been investigated using objectively measured activity data which permits examination of different intensities of activity and sedentary behaviour
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