126 research outputs found
Book review: on the move: changing mechanisms of Mexico-US migration by Filiz Garip
No full textWhy do Mexicans migrate to the US? In On the Move: Changing Mechanisms of Mexico-US Migration, Filiz Garip seeks to challenge overarching assumptions regarding the ‘typical’ Mexican migrant by instead showing the diverse experiences and push-pull factors that shape the decision to migrate from Mexico to the US. Iván Farías Pelcastre welcomes Garip’s distinctive approach as enabling scholars to better understand the complex and divergent patterns of movement between nations
Discovering Diverse Mechanisms of Migration: The Mexico-U.S. Stream from 1970 to 2000
No full textMigrants to the United States are a diverse population. This diversity, captured in various migration theories, is overlooked in empirical applications that describe a typical narrative for an average migrant. Using the Mexican Migration Project data from about 17,000 first-time migrants between 1970 and 2000, this study employs cluster analysis to identify four types of migrants with distinct configurations of characteristics. Each migrant type corresponds to a specific theoretical account, and becomes prevalent in a specific period, depending on the economic, social and political conditions. Strikingly, each migrant type also becomes prevalent around the period in which its corresponding theory is developed.SociologyAccepted Manuscrip
Repeat Migration and Remittances as Mechanisms for Wealth Inequality in 119 Communities from the Mexican Migration Project Data
No full textTo evaluate the distributional impact of remittances in origin communities, prior research studied how migrants’ selectivity by wealth varies with migration prevalence in the community or prior migration experience of the individual. This study considers both patterns, and examines selectivity separately in low and high prevalence communities and for first-time and repeat migrants. Based on data from 18,042 household heads in 119 Mexican communities from the Mexican Migration Project, the analyses show that (i) first-time migrants in low prevalence communities come from poor households, while repeat migrants in high prevalence communities belong to wealthy households, and (ii) higher amounts of remittances reach wealthy households. These results suggest that repeat migration and remittances may be mechanisms for wealth accumulation in the study communities. Descriptive analyses associate these mechanisms with increasing wealth disparities between households with and without migrants, especially in high prevalence communities. The study, similar to prior findings, shows the importance of repeat migration trips, which, given sustained remittances, may amplify the wealth gap between migrants and non-migrants in migrant-sending communities. The study also qualifies prior findings by differentiating between low and high prevalence communities and observing a growing wealth gap only in the latter.SociologyAccepted Manuscrip
Network Effects and Social Inequality
No full textStudents of social inequality have noted the presence of mechanisms militating toward cumulative advantage and increasing inequality. Social scientists have established that individuals' choices are influenced by those of their network peers in many social domains. We suggest that the ubiquity of network effects and tendencies toward cumulative advantage are related. Inequality is exacerbated when effects of individual differences are multiplied by social networks: when persons must decide whether to adopt beneficial practices; when network externalities, social learning, or normative pressures influence adoption decisions; and when networks are homophilous with respect to individual characteristics that predict such decisions. We review evidence from literatures on network effects on technology, labor markets, education, demography, and health; identify several mechanisms through which networks may generate higher levels of inequality than one would expect based on differences in initial endowments alone; consider cases in which network effects may ameliorate inequality; and describe research priorities.SociologyAccepted Manuscrip
An Integrated Analysis of Migration and Remittances: Modeling Migration as a Mechanism for Selection
No full textPrior work has modeled individuals’ migration and remittance behavior separately, and reported mixed empirical support for various remittance motivations. This study offers an integrated approach, and considers migration as a mechanism for selection in a censored probit model of remittance behavior. This approach leads to different conclusions about the determinants of remittance behavior in the Thai internal migration setting. To the extent that these determinants capture different remittance motivations, as prior research has presumed, the analysis also provides varying support for these motivations. These results suggest that migration and remittance behavior are interrelated, and it is crucial for an analysis of remittance behavior to control for the selectivity of migration.SociologyAccepted Manuscrip
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Network Effects in Mexico-U.S. Migration: Disentangling the Underlying Social Mechanisms
No full textScholars have long noted how migration streams, once initiated, obtain a self-feeding character. Studies have connected this phenomenon, called the cumulative causation of migration, to expanding social networks that link migrants in destination to individuals in origin. While extant research has established a positive association between individuals’ ties to prior migrants and their migration propensities, seldom have researchers interrogated how multiple social mechanisms—as well as exposure to common environmental factors—might account for these interdependencies. This article uses a mixed-methods strategy to identify the social mechanisms underlying the network effects in Mexico–U.S. migration. Three types of social mechanisms are identified, which all lead to network effects: (a) social facilitation, which is at work when network peers such as family or community members provide useful information or help that reduces the costs or increases the benefits of migration; (b) normative influence, which operates when network peers offer social rewards or impose sanctions to encourage or discourage migration; and (c) network externalities, which are at work when prior migrants generate a pool of common resources that increase the value or reduce the costs of migration for potential migrants. The authors first use large-sample survey data from the Mexican Migration Project to establish the presence of network effects and then rely on 138 in-depth interviews with migrants and their family members in Mexico to identify the social mechanisms underlying these network effects. The authors thus provide a deeper understanding of migration as a social process, which they argue is crucial for anticipating and responding to future flows.SociologyAccepted Manuscrip
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Social Mechanisms Underlying Network Effects in Mexico-U.S. Migration
No full textScholars have long noted how migration streams, once initiated, obtain a self-feeding character. Studies have attributed this phenomenon, called the cumulative causation of migration, to expanding social networks that connect migrants in destination to individuals in origin. Studies have often disagreed, however, on how social networks influence migration decisions. While many studies established a positive association between individuals’ ties to prior migrants and their migration propensities, only few acknowledged that multiple social mechanisms – as well as exposure to common environmental factors – might account for these interdependencies. To address this issue, we adopt a typology developed by DiMaggio and Garip (2012) and consider three mechanisms by which social ties may influence individuals’ migration choices. We study the prevalence of these mechanisms in the Mexico-U.S. migration context using a mixed methods approach. First, we analyze data from more than 90,000 individuals surveyed by the Mexican Migration Project (MMP), and establish the presence of network effects in migration. Specifically, we test how prior migrants in the family or community increase individuals’ migration propensities. We then analyze qualitative data from 120 in-depth interviews with migrants and their family members in Mexico to adjudicate among the different mechanisms that lead to interdependencies in individuals’ migration choices. We thus provide a deeper understanding of migration as a social process, which we contend is crucial for anticipating future flows and policy responses.SociologyAuthor's Origina
Mexico–US migration in time: from economic to social mechanisms
No full textScholars have long noted how migration streams, once initiated, obtain a self-feeding character. Studies have attributed this phenomenon – the cumulative causation of migration – to expanding social networks that connect migrants in destination to individuals in origin. Studies however, often disagree on how social networks influence migration decisions. While many establish a positive association between individuals’ ties to prior migrants and their migration propensities, only few acknowledge that multiple social mechanisms might account for these interdependencies. To address this issue, we adopt a typology developed by DiMaggio and Garip (2012) and consider three mechanisms by which social ties may influence individuals’ migration choices. We study the prevalence of these mechanisms in the Mexico-US migration context using a mixed methods approach. First, analysing data from more than 90,000 individuals surveyed by the Mexican Migration Project (MMP) we establish the presence of network effects in migration and test how prior migrants in the family or community increase individuals’ migration propensities, and whether prior migrants reduce the effect of economic or political indicators on migration propensities. Second, we analyse qualitative data from 120 in-depth interviews to determine the different mechanisms that lead to interdependencies in individuals’ migration choices. We thus provide a deeper understanding of migration as a social process, which we contend is crucial for anticipating future flows and policy responses
Mapping Gender and Migration in Sociological Scholarship: Is It Segregation or Integration?
No full textA review of the sociological research about gender and migration shows the substantial ways in which gender fundamentally organizes the social relations and structures influencing the causes and consequences of migration. Yet, although a significant sociological research has emerged on gender and migration in the last three decades, studies are not evenly distributed across the discipline. In this article, we map the recent intellectual history of gender and migration in the field of sociology and then systematically assess the extent to which studies on engendering migration have appeared in four widely read journals of sociology (American Journal of Sociology, American Sociological Review,
Demography, and Social Forces). We follow with a discussion of these studies, and in our conclusions, we consider how future gender and migration scholarship in sociology might evolve more equitably.SociologyVersion of Recor
uống nước nhớ nguồn: Exploring the way Family Roles and Familial Oral Histories Shape Second Generation Vietnamese American Daughters’ Identity
No full textThis research examines second generation Vietnamese American daughters’ identity formation in two different yet interconnected sites: within the home and in the educational sphere. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 Vietnamese American college students who are currently enrolled at one of the eight Ivy League institutions. To counter deficit-based models of framework often used to study communities of color, this research utilizes Tara J. Yosso’s (2005) Cultural Community Wealth framework to analyze the Vietnamese American daughters' familial roles and internalization of their parents’ immigration adversities. The Aspirational Capital these daughters possess as a result of their caretaker, mediator, cultural broker, and translator role within the household provides them with a valuable perspective in the education sphere and outlines their Vietnamese American identity. This study explores the way expected family roles and familial oral histories influence young Vietnamese American women’s educational achievement and identity formation. My participants all shared a strong sense of filial piety while also negotiating between their own career and personal aspirations. My findings suggest that Vietnamese American daughters hold a high regard for their parents’ immigration stories, which ultimately shapes their Vietnamese American identity. Moreover, this research ends up exploring “the intimate politics of everyday living” in Espirturi & Duong’s (2018, p. 588) words
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