928 research outputs found
Empowering end-users in the energy transition: An exploration of products and services to support changes in household energy management
No full textCurrent discourse on smart grid deployment expects residential end users to play a more active role as co-providers in the electric power system. Their electricity consumption and production is considered a resource for balancing supply and demand in an electric power system with distributed generation. This means that, in addition to using energy efficiently, they, for example, have to adjust their consumption patterns to the production patterns of locally available and intermittent energy generation. This thesis explores how the technological and social contexts of smart grids can shape the role of residential end-users as co-providers in the electric power system. The main objective was to formulate implications for the development of products and services that support end-users in taking up a co-provider role. The research involved a literature review about currently applied smart grid technologies and field studies of two pilot projects in which households were equipped with smart energy technology: Energy Battle and PowerMatching City. Both cases concern the implementation of a product-service combination that was new for the household and that was aimed at enabling one or more aspects of co-providing end-user behavior. End-users’ experiences in using the implemented system were central to the research in each case. The research resulted in design implications within four themes: (1) Design of the user interface, (2) Design in relation to the social context at household and community level, (3) Integral design approach to address behavioral and technical aspects of smart energy system performance, and (4) Design of products and services as part of an experiential learning process for both developers and end-users.Design Engineering / Design for SustainabilityIndustrial Design Engineerin
Hydrogen pressure, solvent and catalyst nature influence on the 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline hydrogenation regularities
No full textThe 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline liquid-phase hydrogenation kinetics on supported palladium and platinum catalysts differing in the nature of the carrier and the active metal content was studied for the first time. The experiment was carried out at elevated hydrogen pressures in the range of 9 - 12 atm and 303 K in solvents 2-propanol-water and ethyl acetate in the reactor such as Vishnevsky autoclave. The main kinetic parameters of the reaction have been determined, and the influence of various parameters on the regularities of the process has been established. It is shown that an increase in the active metal content in the catalyst leads to an increase in the rate of the hydrogenation reaction of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. When using platinum supported catalysts, the rate of hydrogenation of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline is significantly higher than when using supported palladium catalysts. The replacement of the liquid phase of the catalyst system with 2-propanol by ethyl acetate adversely affects the reaction rate. The influence of the catalytic system nature and composition on the target product dehalogenation degree was determined. It was found that when carrying out the reaction at elevated hydrogen pressures, it is preferable to use low-percentage platinum catalysts, rather than palladium catalysts, since the former provide less dehalogenation of the target product. For citation: Klimushin D.M., Krasnov A.I., Filippov D.V., Sharonov N.Yu. Hydrogen pressure, solvent and catalyst nature influence on 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline hydrogenation regularities. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 30-35FWN – Publicaties zonder aanstelling Universiteit Leide
Standard and non-standard neutrino physics at reactor experiments
No full textIn parallel to the standard oscillation physics program it is well known multi-detector reactor neutrino experiments are able to probe new physics scenarios, for instance, new oscillation phases driven by an extra light sterile neutrino and new neutrino interactions (NSI). Here we review and update the flavor non-universal and flavor universal constraints on the charged-current NSI parameters. We also study correlations between the NSI and the standard parameters. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Designing awareness systems for social connectedness – A field study approach into theoretical foundations, design principles and evaluation
No full textBeing in touch, and being aware of the people in one’s social network strongly contributes to one’s sense of social well-being. As communication technology has become more ubiquitous, it is possible to always be in touch with friends and relatives in the periphery of one’s attention, e.g. through instant messaging and online social networks. This research investigated the effect of such social information on people’s sense of connectedness. Also, it was studied how such communication application can be integrated into the fabric of our everyday life as awareness systems. It was found that despite the subtlety, mediated social awareness has a measurable effect on social connectedness. Also, the findings strongly suggest that ambiguity in social cues is a strong enabler of the feeling of being connected. These findings may help designers of social network applications and products to more effectively design for increased social connectedness.Industrial DesignIndustrial Design Engineerin
Synthetic methodology for the preparation of nucleic acid containing peptides
No full textDit proefschrift beschrijft de ontwikkeling van nieuwe methoden voor de synthese van hybride biomoleculen die samengesteld zijn uit een peptide- en een nucle_nezuurfragment. Zulke hybride moleculen komen in de natuur voor en hebben belangrijke functies. In dit proefschrift wordt aandacht besteed aan twee klassen van hybride biopolymeren; de klasse van nucleoproteinen, die een belangrijke rol speelt in virale replicatie processen en de klasse van ADP-geribosyleerde eiwitten, die het resultaat zijn van een post-translationeel modificatie proces.UBL - phd migration 201
Synthetic methods to glycerol teichoic acids
No full textSynthetic methods to glycerol teichoic acidsUBL - phd migration 201
Synthesis and evaluation of peptide and nucleic acid based Toll-like receptor ligands
No full textToll-like receptors (TLRs) are receptors that continuously scour their direct surroundings for pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of bacterial, viral or fungal origin. TLRs can be found at cells that play a role in the immune system. Binding of the TLR with its corresponding ligand results in a signaling cascade, which initially activates the innate immune system and can eventually result in activation of the adaptive immune system. When used as well-defined adjuvants, their combination with antigen may increase the immunogenicity of the antigen itself. This so-called vaccine principle may lead to a desired long-lasting adaptive immune response or humoral memory. Currently a total of 11 TLRs are known in humans and their specific PAMPs are directly related to the location where the receptor resides. TLRs 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10 and 11 are situated on the outside of the cell membrane, where they come into direct contact with membrane components of pathogens. TLRs 3, 7, 8 and 9 can be found intracellularly and their ligands mainly consist of viral components released after cellular uptake and degradation of the invader. A large diversity of natural and synthetic TLR ligands is available. The newest generation of vaccines is based on synthetic TLR ligands having a well-defined chemical structure. The research described in this thesis is a first step towards the development of well-defined vaccines, able to trigger a controlled immune response by means of using TLR 2, 7 or 9. Discussed in detail are the synthesis and the immunological evaluation of ligands and conjugates aimed at activation of Toll-like receptors 2, 7 and 9. Some examples are the synthesis of a CpG DNA-peptide conjugate (TLR 9), a Pam3Cys-peptide conjugate (TLR 2) and a 7-hydro-8-oxo-adenine-peptide conjugate (TLR 7). After synthesis of the peptide (containing the antigen), several methods were applied to conjugate it to TLR2, 7 and 9 ligands. Resulting from the research performed, is that when well chosen, covalent coupling of a TLR ligand with an antigenic peptide results in an increase of cytokine production as well as antigen presentation, two of the most desired characteristics of a synthetic vaccine of this class. It is not unlikely, that future synthetic vaccines will be sharing these properties.UBL - phd migration 201
Design and synthesis of NLR and TLR based ligand-antigen conjugates
No full textThe mammalian immune system protects, amongst others, against invading pathogens and consists of an innate and adaptive component. The innate system is the first line of defense in which pattern recognition receptors, like TLR2, NOD1 and NOD2 receptors, detect pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) that are specific for pathogens. PAMPs exhibit a broad structural variety and the exact molecular structures of ligands that bind to the corresponding PRRs are mostly unknown. The research presented in this Thesis is directed to the design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of new NOD1, NOD2 and TLR2 ligands as well as conjugates in which these ligands are covalently bound to an antigenic OVA-derived peptide. The designed NLR and TLR ligand-antigen conjugates contribute to the insight of the processes of the mammalian immune system at molecular level. Further elucidation of pattern recognition receptor acti vation and antigen presentation with these conjugates may eventually result in synthetic vaccine modalities.UBL - phd migration 201
Protective group strategies in carbohydrate and peptide chemistry
No full textProtecting groups play a key role in the synthesis of complex natural products.This holds especially true for the synthesis of oligosaccharides, of which the monomeric carbohydrate building blocks usually contain up to five different hydroxyl functions. The discrimination of these hydroxyl functions requires a careful protecting group strategy and typically involves multistep protocols.This thesis describes the prepartion, installation, their use in the synthesis of stereoselective glycosidic bonds. Although protecting groups primarily function to mask a given functionality on the carbohydrate core, they also have a profound effect on the overall reactivity of a carbohydrate building block and can control the stereochemical outcome of a glycosylation reaction. Furthermore protecting groups can be used to introduce extra functionality on the carbohydrate core, such as visualization and/or purification handles. Fluorous solid phase extraction (FSPE) is an emerging tecnique, in which compounds are seperated on the basis of flourous content. The compound bearing fluorous tags which are difficult to purify by routine methods can easily be purified.Higher Education Commision of Pakistan (HEC) Leiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC)UBL - phd migration 201
Curriculum “Algebra. Grade 7” for general secondary education institutions, working on the model curriculum Algebra 7-9 by the author team of M.I. Burda, N.A. Tarasenkova, D.V. Vasylieva
No full textНавчальна програма «Алгебра. 7 клас» для закладів загальної середньої освіти створена для закладів, що працюють за модельною навчальною програмою Алгебра 7-9 авторського колективу Бурда М.І., Тарасенкова Н.А., Васильєва Д.В. та підручниками авторів Бевз та ін. (Б) / Тарасенкова та ін. (Т).The curriculum “Algebra. Grade 7” for general secondary education institutions is designed for institutions working on the model curriculum Algebra 7-9 by the author's team of Burda M.I., Tarasenkova N.A., Vasyliev D.V. and textbooks by the authors Bevz et al (B) / Tarasenkova et al (T)
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