1,355,308 research outputs found
Sul problema dell'estensione del sistema dualistico alle società a responsabilità limitata
No full textIl contributo considera la possibilità di estendere anche alla srl il sistema di amministrazione e controllo di tipo dualistico. Si prendono in esame le diverse soluzioni prospettate dalla dottrina, le soluzioni prospettate dalla giurisprudenza di merito, per poi esaminare, nel dettaglio, gli ostacoli alla costituzione della srl a modello dualistico rinvenibili tanto nella disciplina della srl quanto nella disciplina del sistema dualistico. La conclusione è nel senso della incompatibilità, tanto a causa di ostacoli normativi non superabili quanto per il fatto che l'operazione di adattamento dualistico/srl risulterebbe in un sistema di amministrazione e controllo ben lontano da quello definito agli art. 2409 octies ss. c.c
Cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin: effects of drugs inhibiting the release of vasoactive substances
No full textHospital-based intensive monitoring of antibiotic-induced adverse events in a university hospital.
No full textHospital-based monitoring is one of the methods used to collect data about drug prescriptions and adverse events. The aim of this 20-day observational prospective study was to evaluate the frequency and type of adverse reaction to antibiotics, and predisposing risk factors in inpatients in six departments of a university hospital (ophthalmology, paediatrics, internal medicine, general surgery, infectious diseases, anaesthesiology and intensive care). The data on all inpatients undergoing antibiotic treatment were collected by physicians trained by our team and validated by an expert panel. Data were recorded on pre-formatted confidential cards (MIO-card). In the 171 inpatients evaluated (125 adults: 39.5\% male, mean age 61.6 years, range 21-93; and 46 children: 50\% male; mean age 4.75 years, range 3 months-12 years), cefazolin (19.9\%), chloramphenicol (18.6\%), ceftriaxone (15.4\%) and netilmicin (12.9\%) were the most frequently used antibiotics. Adverse events occurred in four adults and three children: one had leucopenia (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole), one nephrotoxicity (netilmicin+teicoplanin) and one nephrotoxicity (cefotaxime), one diarrhoea (ceftriaxone), one neurotoxicity (isoniazid), one angioneurotic oedema (piperacillin) and one skin rashes (ceftriaxone). A number of strategies (educative and persuasive, facilitative and restrictive) have been proposed to improve antibiotic use. Our study suggests that hospital-based monitoring is a good method with which to detect links between drug exposure and adverse drug reactions in children and adults
Concorrenza, regolazione e innovazione nel settore farmaceutico
No full textlI volume, dedicato al tema della concorrenza, della regolazione e dell’innovazione nel settore farmaceutico, raccoglie contributi che toccano profili di rilevanza centrale nel dibattito in materia. Tra questi, la tutela brevettuale dei vaccini anti-Covid e le proposte di allentamento o sospensione della stessa; il ruolo degli investimenti pubblici a sostegno della ricerca e della produzione di farmaci; ancora, i recenti interventi di enforcement antitrust nel settore; le frontiere della ricerca in campo medico-sanitario, mediante il ricorso a big data e nuove tecnologie; infine, le dinamiche regolatorie e concorrenziali del mercato farmaceutico cinese
Adrenoreceptors and nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system
No full textNitric Oxide (NO) is a small molecule that continues to attract much attention from the scientific community. Since its discovery, it has been evident that NO has a crucial role in the modulation of vascular tone. Moreover, NO is involved in multiple signal transduction pathways thus contributing to the regulation of many cellular functions. NO effects can be either dependent or independent on cGMP, and rely also upon several mechanisms such as the amount of NO, the compartmentalization of the enzymes responsible for its biosynthesis (NOS), and the local redox conditions. Several evidences highlighted the correlation among adrenoreceptors activity, vascular redox status and NO bioavailability. It was suggested a possible crosstalk between NO and oxidative stress hallmarks in the endothelium function and adaptation, and in sympathetic vasoconstriction control. Adrenergic vasoconstriction is a balance between a direct vasoconstrictive effect on smooth muscle and an indirect vasorelaxant action caused by α2- and β-adrenergic endothelial receptor-triggered NO release. An increased oxidative stress and a reduction of NO bioavailability shifts this equilibrium causing the enhanced vascular adrenergic responsiveness observed in hypertension. The activity of NOS contributes to manage the adrenergic pathway, thus supporting the idea that the endothelium might control or facilitate β-adrenergic effects on the vessels and the polymorphic variants in β2-receptors and NOS isoforms could influence aging, some pathological conditions and individual responses to drugs. This seems to be dependent, almost in part, on differences in the control of vascular tone exerted by NO. Given its involvement in such important mechanisms, the NO pathway is implicated in aging process and in both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions. Thus, it is essential to pinpoint NO involvement in the regulation of vascular tone for the effective clinical/therapeutic management of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). © 2013 Conti, Russomanno, Corbi, Izzo, Vecchione and Filippelli
O-(2-dialkylaminoethyl)oximes of 5-(arylmethylene)-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo [2.2.2]octan-6-ones with hypotensive, antiarrhythmic and other activities
No full textAbusi di posizione dominante (Anno 2020)
No full textL’attività di contrasto agli abusi di posizione dominante realizzata nel corso del 2020 presenta una sostanziale continuità con quella degli anni scorsi, quanto al numero di procedimenti avviati e conclusi, alle modalità di avvio dei procedimenti, alla prevalenza di istruttorie realizzate in applicazione decentrata del diritto antitrust europeo, alle metodologie applicate nella definizione di mercato rilevante e nella valutazione sia della posizione dominante sia delle condotte sospette. Anche sul piano dell’enforcement in senso stretto, si conferma nell’anno 2020 la tendenza a limitare il ricorso alle decisioni con impegni e, per converso, ad adottare una politica sanzionatoria più clemente.In 2020, antitrust enforcement about abuses of dominance is, on the whole, aligned to the recent praxis, as for the number of proceedings opened and the number of decisions issued by the Authority, for the prevalence of proceedings framed in the EU antitrust law and dealing with exclusionary conducts, as well as for the methodology applied to market definition and the assessment of both dominance and conducts. Moreover, it is confirmed in 2020 the trend towards limiting commitment decisions and to adopt a more lenient fining policy
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND UNIVERSITIES: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
No full textTechnology transfer (TT) may be defined generally as “the transfer of the results of research from universities to the commercial sector” [1]. TT programs are important to the academic institutions’ mission of education, research, and public service. Indeed, as highlighted in the literature [2], they provide a series of benefits for universities. To cite only some of these benefits, they allow universities a mechanism for important research results to be transferred to the public, represent a mean to faculty and inventors in dealing with industry arrangements and technology transfer issues, and provide a marketing tool to attract students, faculty, and external research funding. Due to the importance of TT in general and within universities in particular, we thus believe that a more general understanding of university–industry relationship may be useful. Based on these premises, the purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of TT within universities. Specifically, it focuses on synthesizing the more relevant research available in the literature to establish both what the authors know and do not know about this topic, thus identifying areas for future research. The research is based on a review of published papers on TT and universities available on the Web of Science (WoS) database, performed using BibExcel and Gephi. The authors have identified the most influential works based on citations and as well as the major clusters that provide potential opportunities for future investigation. The results may help researchers and practitioners to be aware of the benefits of TT within universities, and provide valuable insights
A MODEL FOR ACADEMIC SPINOFFS CREATION
No full textUniversities are key players in entrepreneurial ecosystems. A positive consequence of their knowledge production and dissemination activity is the creation of academic spin-offs [1]. In fact, the companies called academic spin-offs (ASO) represent entrepreneurial activities originated by academic personnel in university environments [2]. In recent years ASOs have received considerable attention from both policy makers and the scientific world [3]. Academic spin-offs are born with the aim of exploiting the results of research carried out in universities and today they are considered a central resource for economic growth. The positive impact on the processes of technological change and economic development of these companies is essential in a global economic context that sees innovation as a decisive added value [4]. Numerous researchers working in the economic and management fields have deepened the factors linked to the propensity of the university to generate ASOs. At the moment, several models for the creation of an ASO are present in the literature; the purpose of this paper is to provide a unique model, to be followed phase by phase in temporal succession. In particular, the work of [5] was chosen as the basis for the model definition. In fact, the five proposed phases cover the entire cycle of the spin-off creation and allow to deal with all the obstacles that can arise by inserting each one in a reference phase
- …
