1,720,990 research outputs found
Four steps to rebuild trust in biology
No full textTrust in biologists is in a precarious position. Secrecy, safety breaches and controversial experiments are risking the reputation of biomedical science. Ahead of a key meeting in the USA, Filippa Lentzos and Nicholas Evans outline steps to earn back the trust of citizens
Four steps to rebuild trust in biology
No full textTrust in biologists is in a precarious position. Secrecy, safety breaches and controversial experiments are risking the reputation of biomedical science. Ahead of a key meeting in the USA, Filippa Lentzos and Nicholas Evans outline steps to earn back the trust of citizens
Genetic Engineering and Biological Risks
No full textThis chapter serves three objectives. First, it provides a narrative account of key developments in core bioengineering technologies. Second, it critically interrogates the emergence and evolution of regulatory regimes aimed at responding to perceived risks associated with these technological capabilities, highlighting how these have primarily relied on establishing ‘soft’ forms of control rather than hard edged legal frameworks backed by coercive sanctions, largely in the form of self-regulation by the scientific research community (with some notification provisions to keep the relevant government informed). Third, it provides an analysis of this regulatory evolution, focusing on the narrow construction of risk, and flagging up the possibility of alternative framings, which might have generated more inclusive and deliberative approaches to standard-setting and oversight.</p
Biological threat: relevant factors for the strategy of States
No full textTese especialmente elaborada para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Sociais, especialidade de Estudos Estratégicos.As ameaças biológicas incluindo diversos fenómenos como surtos, epidemias,
pandemias, libertações acidentais de agentes biológicos, proliferação de armas
biológicas, biocrime, bioterrorismo, agroterrorismo ou guerra biológica, constituem
uma problemática emergente no mundo contemporâneo. A pandemia de COVID-19,
demonstrou o impacto das ameaças biológicas, reforçando a pertinência para o
desenvolvimento de estratégias ao nível dos Estados que tenham em consideração as
ameaças biológicas, sendo importante identificar os seus fatores constitutivos e de que
forma estes influenciam os processos estratégicos dos Estados.
Esta tese de doutoramento, assente num paradigma epistemológico interpretativista,
recorrendo a uma abordagem metodológica eminentemente qualitativa, teve por base
um enquadramento teórico e conceptual das ameaças biológicas que integra ameaças
de ocorrência natural, acidental e intencional, considerando agentes biológicos com
tropismo para humanos, animais, plantas e efeitos no ambiente, observadas como
ameaças de caráter securitário e como elementos do ambiente externo com influência
sobre a estratégia dos Estados.
O percurso de investigação partiu da revisão crítica da literatura, abrangendo tópicos
emergentes que englobam os avanços científicos e tecnológicos na biologia e ciências
biomédicas, interface saúde segurança, conceptualização “uma só saúde”, segurança
sanitária mundial, biossegurança e bioproteção e o panorama das organizações
intergovernamentais e tratados internacionais relacionados com a temática das
ameaças biológicas. Fez-se recurso a análise documental, entrevistas a peritos
internacionais e observação participante. Foi possível identificar um conjunto de fatores
relacionados com as ameaças biológicas, e compreender a forma como influenciam os
processos estratégicos dos Estados.
A presente tese argumenta que a ameaça biológica global exerce uma influência de
caráter permanente e holístico nos processos estratégicos dos Estados, com relevância
crescente na atualidade, considerando assim, que os Estados devem elaborar
estratégias específicas face as ameaças biológicas que considerem as ameaças de
ocorrência natural, acidental e intencional com impacto para a saúde humana, saúde
animal, fitossanidade e ambiente.Biological threats, including several phenomena such as outbreaks, epidemics,
pandemics, accidental releases of biological agents, proliferation of biological weapons,
biocrime, bioterrorism, agroterrorism or biological warfare, constitute emerging issues
in the contemporary world. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the impact of
biological threats, reinforcing the relevance for the development of strategies at the
State level that should consider biological threats. It is important to identify their
constitutive factors and how they influence the strategic processes in the perspective of
the State.
This thesis, grounded on an interpretivist epistemological paradigm, using a qualitative
methodological approach, was based on a theoretical and conceptual framework of
biological threats that integrates natural, accidental, and deliberate biological threats,
considering biological agents with tropism for humans, animals, plants, and its effects
on the environment, observed as security threats and as elements of the environment
that influence the strategy of States.
The research was based on a critical literature review, covering emerging topics that
encompass scientific and technological advances in biology and biomedical sciences,
health-security interface, "one health" approach, global health security, biosafety,
biosecurity, and an overview of intergovernmental organizations and international
mechanisms and treaties. The field research comprised documentary analysis, with a
focus on strategies of States specifically developed for biological threats, in-depth
interviews with world top experts and participant observation. In the end it was possible
to identify a set of factors regarding biological threats, and to understand how these
factors influence the strategic processes of the State.
This thesis argues that the global biological threats exert a permanent and holistic
influence on the strategic processes of States, with increasing relevance in the
contemporary world, considering that States should develop specific strategies for
countering biological threats, concerning natural, accidental, and deliberate biological
threats, with impact in human health, animal health, plant health and the environment.N/
Gouvernementalität und Sicherheit
Get PDFIm Unterschied zu aktuellen Lektüren von Foucaults Gouvernementalität, die sich vor allem auf die Logik des Ökonomischen beziehen, werden in diesem Band die politischen Dimensionen seiner Theorie in den Vordergrund gerückt. Die Analyse der gegenwärtigen Sicherheitsgesellschaft dient als Ausgangspunkt für eine kritische Revision von Foucaults Machttypologie von Souveränität, Disziplin und Regierung. Die Beiträge konturieren gegenwärtige Aspekte der Gouvernementalität, indem sie aktuelle Sicherheitskonzepte und ihr Verhältnis zu Migration, Geschlecht, Bio-Sicherheit, Gewalt, postkolonialer Subjektivität und staatlicher Legitimation problematisieren. Mit Beiträgen von Alex Demirovic, Dominique Grisard, Susanne Krasmann, Katherine Lemons, Filippa Lentzos, Katrin Meyer, Sven Opitz, Katharina Pühl, Patricia Purtschert, Nikolas Rose, Yves Winter
Gouvernementalität und Sicherheit
Get PDFIm Unterschied zu aktuellen Lektüren von Foucaults Gouvernementalität, die sich vor allem auf die Logik des Ökonomischen beziehen, werden in diesem Band die politischen Dimensionen seiner Theorie in den Vordergrund gerückt. Die Analyse der gegenwärtigen Sicherheitsgesellschaft dient als Ausgangspunkt für eine kritische Revision von Foucaults Machttypologie von Souveränität, Disziplin und Regierung. Die Beiträge konturieren gegenwärtige Aspekte der Gouvernementalität, indem sie aktuelle Sicherheitskonzepte und ihr Verhältnis zu Migration, Geschlecht, Bio-Sicherheit, Gewalt, postkolonialer Subjektivität und staatlicher Legitimation problematisieren. Mit Beiträgen von Alex Demirovic, Dominique Grisard, Susanne Krasmann, Katherine Lemons, Filippa Lentzos, Katrin Meyer, Sven Opitz, Katharina Pühl, Patricia Purtschert, Nikolas Rose, Yves Winter
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