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Wschód i Zachód. Zagadnienie tożsamości w polskim dyskursie "powrotu do Europy" (1989-2004)
No full textPraca doktorska jest poświęcona krytycznej analizie polskiego dyskursu „powrotu do Europy” (1989-2004). Celem pracy jest wypracowanie nowego paradygmatu badań nad transformacją i europeizacją Polski po 1989 roku. Główne pytanie badawcze dotyczy tego, jaki wpływ na polskie dążenia do integracji z UE i „powrotu do Europy” miało postrzeganie Polski jako kraju „wschodnioeuropejskiego”. Autor przywołuje w pracy rozważania Edwarda Saida na temat postrzegania Wschodu oraz Orientu przez Zachód (orientalizm). Wskazuje na wspólną logikę odmienności i inności, która czyni postrzeganie przez Zachód Orientu i Europy Wschodniej bardzo podobnymi. W najogólniejszym sensie praca dotyczy więc zarówno tożsamości Polski jak i Europy. Ponadto, podejmowane są w niej kwestie modernizacji i europeizacji Polski w kontekście znaczeń jakie nadawano „wschodniości” Polski.The authors of the doctoral dissertation conducts a critical discoure analyse of Poland’s ‘return to Europe’ (1989-2004). Its main objective is to work out a new paradigm of transition and europeanization studies about Poland after 1989. Drawing on the works of Michel Foucault, Edward Said, Larry Wolff and postcolonial authors, the author analysed how did the othering practices influence Poland's transition to democracy and accession road to the EU. The author was primarily interested in identity and the discursive shifts on the imaginative map of Europe concerning Poland’s placement in Eastern Europe
Truth and the Will to Illusion
No full textIt is often repeated that we live today in a ‹post-truth› world. But this problem has a long history. Greek philosophers investigated the origins of truth (and the will to truth) in hope to separate truth from illusion. But already Machiavelli equated the concept of truth with the notion of what seems to be true. And today? Perhaps, we are paying the price of naivety. In this book, the author approaches the idea of deliberative democracy with reservation, attempting to expose the vain hopes rooted in the Enlightenment tradition, which placed the desire for truth at the fore, and relegated the desire for illusion to the shadows. The book encourages reflection on the appeal of deception in a world which has become the media’s ‹grazing ground›; a world which rejects metaphysics in favour of pragmatic theories, thereby transforming politics into a sphere where truth is replaced with ‹narrative›
Truth and the Will to Illusion
Get PDFIt is often repeated that we live today in a ‹post-truth› world. But this problem has a long history. Greek philosophers investigated the origins of truth (and the will to truth) in hope to separate truth from illusion. But already Machiavelli equated the concept of truth with the notion of what seems to be true. And today? Perhaps, we are paying the price of naivety. In this book, the author approaches the idea of deliberative democracy with reservation, attempting to expose the vain hopes rooted in the Enlightenment tradition, which placed the desire for truth at the fore, and relegated the desire for illusion to the shadows. The book encourages reflection on the appeal of deception in a world which has become the media’s ‹grazing ground›; a world which rejects metaphysics in favour of pragmatic theories, thereby transforming politics into a sphere where truth is replaced with ‹narrative›
Pragmatism and Radical Liberalism. A Study of John Dewey's Political Thought
No full textLink archiwalny https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/91
Pragmatism and Radical Liberalism. A Study of John Dewey's Political Thought
No full textPrzedmiotem pracy doktorskiej jest analiza myśli politycznej Johna Deweya, amerykańskiego pedagoga i filozofa, który żył w latach 1859-1952. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie wpływu poglądów Johna Deweya na ewolucję tradycji liberalnej.
Filozofia polityczna Johna Deweya była odpowiedzią na kryzys liberalizmu po I wojnie światowej. Z debat okresu międzywojennego wyłoniły się trzy ważne orientacje teoretyczne. Pierwszą był neoliberalizm, który szans na odrodzenie liberalizmu upatrywał w powrocie do zdrowych zasad dziewiętnastowiecznego liberalizmu. Drugą był odro liberalizm, który recepty szukał w dialogu z konserwatyzmem. Wreszcie trzecią, najsłabiej zbadaną opcją, był radykalny liberalizm szukający szans na odrodzenie myśli liberalnej w dialogu z socjalizmem. Tę drogę obrali tacy liberalni intelektualiści, jak John Dewey, Karl Polanyi, Karl Mannheim i Bertrand Russell. W pracy przedstawiono stosunek lewicowych liberałów do leseferyzmu i marksizmu oraz historię ich rozczarowania eksperymentem socjalistycznym w Związku Radzieckim. Omówiono takie koncepcje teoretyczne, jak gildyjny socjalizm, demokratyczne planowanie czy demokracja przemysłowa. W pracy postawiono tezę, że w wyniku prowadzonego w okresie międzywojennym dialogu między liberalizmem a socjalizmem doszło do powstania ideologicznej hybrydy - liberalnego socjalizmu. John Dewey, Bertrand Russell, Karl Polanyi i Karl Mannheim byli najważniejszymi przedstawicielami tej tendencji ideologicznej.
Drugim ważnym obszarem podejmowanych w pracy rozważań jest filozofia pragmatyzmu. Punkt ciężkości prezentowanego w pracy wywodu spoczywa na analizie politycznych konsekwencji tej filozofii. W pracy postawiono tezę, że pragmatyzm oznacza rozstanie liberalizmu z metafizyką, co prowadzi do uznania historycznej przygodności tradycji liberalnej. Rozwijaną przez pragmatystów krytyka metafizyki jest pewną formą krytyki ideologii. W swoich pracach politycznych Dewey dąży do ujawnienia wątpliwych metafizycznych założeń, które są jego zdaniem zawarte w takich systemach ideologicznych, jak marksizm czy leseferystyczny liberalizm. Dewey posługuje się wiec strategią demaskacji. Wydobywając na światło dzienne metafizyczne twierdzenia ukryte w ideologii marksistowskiej czy leseferystycznej pragmatysta stara się wskazać na ich pseudonaukowy i dogmatyczny charakter. Po drugie, pragmatyzm rozwija oryginalną teorię myślenia jako rozwiązywania problemów. Finalnym produktem rozważań Deweya jest stanowisko, które Hilary Putnam określił mianem "pragmatycznego oświecenia". Pragmatyzm odrzuca oświeceniowe dążenia do stworzenia uniwersalistycznej etyki opartej na wskazaniach rozumu. W zamian proponuje skoncentrowanie się na poszukiwaniu rozwiań dla sytuacyjnie określonych problemów społecznych. Stanowisko Deweya nie jest bynajmniej relatywistyczne. Pragmatysta jest przekonany, że możliwe jest znalezienie mniej lub bardziej obiektywnych odpowiedzi na pytanie, co należy robić w danej problematycznej sytuacji. Pragmatyczne oświecenie wyrzeka się więc oświeceniowego uniwersalizmu, ale nie rezygnuje całkowicie z roszczeń do obiektywności w dziedzinie rozstrzygnięć moralnych i politycznych.My dissertation is devoted to the study of the work of John Dewey, an American philosopher and educator who lived from 1859 to 1952. Main aim of this dissertation is to provide careful and comprehensive examination of the significance of John Dewey’s pragmatism for liberal political tradition.
In my dissertation I try to situate Dewey's work in the wider context of the crisis of liberalism in the aftermath of World War I. John Dewey believed that liberalism in order to survive needs to reexamine its basic assumptions. In brief, the philosopher was convinced that market oriented laissez faire liberalism is no longer viable. Liberals needs to engage in process of establishing new social order. In doing so they need to take into consideration many ideas derived from various currents of socialism. In consequence John Dewey embarked on a life long journey searching for a way to reconcile liberal and socialist political principles. In this he was not alone. I argue that similar considerations moved such liberal intellectuals as Bertrand Russell, Karl Mannheim or Karl Polanyi to intense engagement with socialist political thinking. My research project tries to reconstruct this multifaceted conversation between liberalism and socialism. I argue that as a result of intelectual exchanges between liberals and socialists new political ideology was born. I call this new ideology "liberal socialism" and I count John Dewey, Bertrand Russell, Karl Polanyi and Karl Mannheim among its most important exponents.
In my dissertation I also deal with pragmatism, which is justly considered to be most distinctive American contribution to philosophy. My primarily concern are political consequences of pragmatism. I argue that pragmatism helped to emancipate liberalism from metaphysics and enabled liberals to fully acknowledge historical contingency of liberal social and political order. Pragmatism as political philosophy is above all criticism of various forms of political dogmatism. In particular, pragmatism developed original version of critique of ideology which is concerned with alleged metaphysical assumptions underlying western political thought. Pursuing this line of thought John Dewey criticized both classical liberalism and revolutionary Marxism as being under the spell of bad metaphysical thinking. More positively, pragmatism presents itself as a philosophy concerned with the activity of problem-solving. For Dewey thinking is a matter of interaction between organism and environment. Ideas and theories are tools for resolving particular difficulties that we encounter in our private and social life. In the realm of political philosophy this led to a position that Hillary Putnam called "pragmatic enlightenment". According to Dewey we cannot achieve original goal of Enlightenment. That is to say, we can no longer hope for universal rationality that would transcend the limitations of time and space. We need to settle for less ambitious task of trying to solve present social problems with the aid of available scientific knowledge. Nevertheless, the end result is not relativism. We can still distinguish between good and bad solutions within a given problematic situation. In other words, we can still retain a fair measure of political objectivity after giving up hope for moral universalism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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