1,721,157 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-cpx-10.1177_21677026211055169 – Supplemental material for Imagery Rescripting Versus Extinction: Distinct and Combined Effects on Expectancy and Revaluation Learning
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cpx-10.1177_21677026211055169 for Imagery Rescripting Versus Extinction: Distinct and Combined Effects on Expectancy and Revaluation Learning by Mandy Woelk, Julie Krans, Filip Raes, Bram Vervliet and Muriel A. Hagenaars in Clinical Psychological Science</p
Supplemental Material, JEP059716_supplement - Sensory and affective components of symptom perception: A psychometric approach
No full textSupplemental Material, JEP059716_supplement for Sensory and affective components of symptom perception: A psychometric approach by Marta Walentynowicz, Michael Witthöft, Filip Raes, Ilse Van Diest, and Omer Van den Bergh in Journal of Experimental Psychopathology</p
Subjective sleep disturbances are associated with intrinsic motivation toward sleep-related thinking
No full textBiased information processing has been highlighted as a possible vulnerability factor for sleep problems. A
theory states that perceived sleeplessness triggers a strong approach motivation (or craving) for sleep, and then activates persistent preoccupation with sleep. However, there is no clear evidence that perceived sleeplessness is associated with such a motivation toward sleep-related information. Thus, we examined the untested idea that people with subjective sleep disturbances would prefer sleep-related topics, using a modified version of the pay-per-view task. In this task, 58 participants were offered two question-type options: the “sleep” option, where participants were asked to answer a question about their sleep, and the “eat” option, where participants needed to answer a question about their eating habits and beliefs. Each option is associated with a variable amount of economic reward and therefore participants sometimes face a conflict between the economic reward and their
intrinsic preference for a specific question type. Results showed that people with higher levels of subjective sleep disturbances forgo greater amounts of reward to have an opportunity to answer sleep-related (as opposed to than eating-related) questions. These findings suggest that people who perceive themselves as lacking sleep are highly motivated to engage in sleep-related information processing.sponsorship: We thank Louise Vanden Poel and Sarah Van den Brande for their assistance in data collection. Keisuke Takano was supported by Humboldt Research Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers of the Alexander von Humboldt foundation. Filip Raes was supported by the KU Leuven Research Council grant PF/10/005. (Humboldt Research Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers of the Alexander von Humboldt foundation, KU Leuven Research Council|PF/10/005)status: Publishe
When Do Good Things Lift You Up? Dampening, Enhancing, and Uplifts in Relation To Depressive and Anhedonic Symptoms in Early Adolescence
No full textLongitudinal studies examining the role of response styles to positive affect (i.e., dampening and enhancing) for depressive symptoms have yielded inconsistent results. We examined concurrent and prospective relations of dampening and enhancing with depressive and anhedonic symptoms, and whether these relations depend on the frequency of uplifts. Early adolescents (N = 674, 51.6% girls, Mage = 12.7 years, range 11.3-14.9) completed questionnaires three times (one-year intervals). Dampening interacted with daily uplifts predicting concurrent depressive symptoms. Dampening was unrelated to depressive and anhedonic symptoms one year later. High dampening and low enhancing predicted relative increases in anhedonia over two years. Relationships did not differ for girls and boys. Therapeutic interventions designed to promote adaptive responding to positive affect may, thus, reduce anhedonia in adolescence.sponsorship: This study was funded by the Research Foundation-Flanders (Grant G.0923.12 to Patricia Bijttebier and Ph.D. fellowship to Margot Bastin). Filip Raes is supported by KU Leuven Center for Excellence on Generalization Research (GRIP-TT; PF/10/005). (Research Foundation-Flanders|G.0923.12, KU Leuven Center for Excellence on Generalization Research (GRIP-TT)|PF/10/005)status: Publishe
Lost in distractors: Reduced autobiographical memory specificity and dispersed activation spreading over distractors in working memory
No full textStudies on autobiographical memory retrieval highlight the prominence of rapid and direct access to a specific event memory. Because it has been believed that autobiographical memory retrieval mostly relies on an effortful generative process, there is little empirical evidence on the early stage of information processing that contributes to autobiographical memory specificity (AMS). Therefore, we investigated the associations between AMS and automatic activation of information stimulated by rapid presentation of emotional words. Study 1 involved a visual search task to assess activation of various distractors in working memory. Participants with reduced AMS showed a tendency to activate distractors that were not semantically associated with preceding cues. In Study 2, we manipulated the levels of AMS by using a computerized version of Memory Specificity Training (c-MeST) to observe the changes in the activation of distractors. Results showed that increases in AMS were associated with decreases in activation of cue-unassociated distractors. These findings suggest that reduced AMS can be characterized by dispersed activation spreading over semantically unassociated distractors in automatic information selection of working memory. Because we also found an association between depressive symptoms and AMS, the role of automatic information processing in the relation between reduced AMS and depression is discussed.sponsorship: This study was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science grant awarded to Jun Moriya (15K21518). Keisuke Takano is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion Science Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad. Filip Raes was supported by the KU Leuven Research Council grant PF/10/005.status: Publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Pre-sleep arousal can be associated with efficient processing of sleep-related information
No full text© 2018 Background and objectives: Cognitive bias to sleep-related information is thought to be a core feature of sleep disturbances. The bias may enhance pre-sleep arousal, such as excessive worry about sleeplessness, which prevents people from initiating normal sleep onset. The present study focused on (a) attention bias toward sleep-related stimuli and (b) difficulty in updating working memory for sleep-related stimuli as two possible mechanisms underlying pre-sleep cognitive arousal. Method: Participants (n = 61, a community sample) completed a dot-probe task (with sleep-related and matched control word stimuli) and a 1-back and 2-back task (with sleep-related and non-sleep-related pictorial stimuli). Results: For the dot-probe task, the results showed no significant association between pre-sleep cognitive arousal and sleep-related attention bias. However, the results of the 2-back task suggest that pre-sleep arousal is associated with decreased interference by sleep-related stimuli in maintaining non-sleep-related information. That is, individuals with higher levels of pre-sleep arousal are more efficient at processing sleep-related materials. Limitations: The non-clinical nature of the sample may limit the clinical implications of the findings. Conclusions: Although the current results cannot be explained by the extant cognitive theories of insomnia, we offer an alternative explanation based on the idea of worry as mental habit: mental processes that occur frequently (e.g., repetitive thoughts about sleep) require less cognitive resource. Therefore, sleep-related information may be processed easily without consuming much cognitive effort.sponsorship: Keisuke Takano was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. Filip Raes was supported by the KU Leuven Research Council grant PF/10/005. We thank Sarah Van den Brande for her assistance in data collection. (Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, KU Leuven Research Council|PF/10/005)status: Publishe
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