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International congress on cork oak trees and woodlands: conservation, management, products and challenges for the future: book of abstracts
No full textIl congresso affronta le principali tematiche della filiera, dalla biodiversità alla pianificazione forestale, dall’economia alla trasformazione industriale del sughero, con l'intenzione di fare il punto della situazione e svolgere un ruolo di raccordo sia tra ricercatori delle due sponde del Mediterraneo sia tra il mondo della ricerca e quello dell’industria.The Congress is intended as a forum for sharing Mediterranean experiences in the cork industry: from the conservation and sustainable management of cork forests to the aspects of industrial processes and alternative uses to cork stopper production.
The Congress is held in Sardinia, an island in the centre of the Western Mediterranean, where many rural landscapes are characterised by cork trees, which thus have environmental and economic value, and, hence also social value.
Sardinia is home to approximately 80% of Italy’s cork oak forests. The application of Regulation (EEC) No 2080/92 instituting a Community aid scheme for forestry measures in agriculture and of the following. Regional implementing regulation have seen a marked preference by farmers for cork oak over other tree species: thus about 10,000 ha of cork stands have been planted, in addition to the existing 83,000 ha of specialised cork stands. The Region’s production, which is 5% of global output, covers approximately 50% of the demand from the local processing industry; the rest is covered by regular imports from the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa and nearby Corsica.
The presence of a dynamic industry, with processing facilities concentrated in upper Gallura, increases the importance of the supply chain. There are also agro-forestry systems based on the cork oak (wooded pastures similar to the Iberians montados) where the soil is often cultivated with fall-winter grasses for dairy sheep.
The Region’s main sheep’s milk product is hard salty cheese (pecorino romano) and fluctuations in the prices of sheep’s milk and natural cork determine the degree of pressure exerted by entrepreneurs on the forests’ structure.
Thus, Sardinia constitutes an interesting case study because it features:
- Vast forests of cork oaks owned by regional and/or municipal public authorities, managed with sustainable and multifunctional systems, with high-growing trees and certification of the production process
- Privately-owned land with limited shrub vegetation to improve cork productivity and control defects caused by excessive humidity
- Agro-forestry systems (with beef cattle in Gallura and dairy sheep in Central Sardinia) with high natural and cultural value (HNV)
- Large processing industries (Gallura) and small and medium-sized processing enterprises spread across Central-northern Sardinia.
The two-day event will focus on the exchange of experiences between the local research and industry players and international players, and will provide an update on rural development policies.
It will also provide an opportunity to discuss the guidelines contained in the National Cork Plan currently being drafted on the initiative of the Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies, addressing one of the themes of the First National Conference on Cork held in Sassari in May 1934
Considerazioni sul ruolo delle foreste di sughera in aree a gestione naturalistica
No full textCork oak (Quercus suber), native to Iberian Peninsula, is spread in Western side of Mediterranean area. The species plays a very important function in relation to the environmental and economic aspect. Particularly, its resistance to fire is very high. In Italy, the Sardinian region holds 90% of the stands, produces a valued cork and develops a modern processing industry. The cork oak forest gives rise to a vegetal secondary succession as a result of frequent fire event, with the formation of transitory pyrophyte associations. The progressive renaturalization of protected areas and parks could involve a cork oak stand reduction because of a greater competitiveness of holm-oak and Mediterranean maquis in non-intervention area, while in areas with durable activities cork oak stands must be kept through cultural practices and managed with sustainable interventions
IL SUGHERO IN ENOLOGIA. ANALISI DELLA FILIERA NAZIONALE
No full textLe foreste e le savane di quercia da sughero della Sardegna rappresentano nell'ordine l’81 e il 100% delle superfici nazionali ma solo il 5% di quelle mondiali. La filiera italiana, pur a fronte di una sostenuta domanda di tappi in sughero, conosce una fase critica: incendi e degrado dei soprassuoli, riduzione numerica di PMI e addetti, e crescente presenza di tappi di provenienza iberica a chiudere i tanti vini italiani. Il (Nuovo) Piano Sughericolo Nazionale e i Piani di Sviluppo Rurale devono favorire l’integrazione tra i diversi momenti della filiera, promuovere sia il restauro e l’espansione delle superfici forestali, sia l’aggiornamento tecnologico della fase manifatturiera, ad es. per controllare la contaminazione dei tappi da TCA. Sempre fondamentale il contributo delle attività di ricerca e sviluppo.Cork and Enology. Analysis of the Domestic Chain
The Sardinian cork oak woodlands and savannas are, in the order, 81 and 100% of the Italian cork oak surface but only 5% of global ones. The domestic industry, even in the face of strong demand for cork stoppers, knows a critical phase following
wildfires and degradation of topsoil, reduction in numbers of SMEs and workers, and the growing presence of Iberian origin stoppers used for many Italian wines. The (New) Cork Oak National Plan and the Rural Development Plans should promote the integration between the different moments of the production chain, promoting the restoration and expansion of woodlands, and the technological upgrading of the manufacturing phase, eg. to control the stopper contamination by TCA. Increasingly essential is the contribution of research and development
Analisi multitemporale del consumo degli oliveti periurbani nel Nord Ovest della Sardegna. Il caso di studio della città di Sassari
No full text
Analisi multitemporale del consumo degli oliveti periurbani nel nordovest della Sardegna: il caso di studio della città di Sassari
Full text linkIn Sardinia the presence of olive stands plays an important role in economic business and landscape
planning. In particularly, since the 16th century, the Miocene calcareous plateau of North-
West is covered by an olive stand system mainly for olive oil production. These olive groves actually
are composed by a local variety (Bosana) of which the oil is rich in antioxidant and flavour compounds
and for this reason appreciated by the consumer. In the same region is located the city of
Sassari, the second biggest city of Sardinia, which territory contains 50% of the whole olive stands
of North Sardinia, most of them are concentrated in a “ring” around the city. The survey was conducted
with historical and spatial explicit data of land-use and land-use change from the half of
19th century to the present (2007), to test the hypothesis that during the 20th century the area of
olive stands decreased against urban expansion. In fact, changes in land-use (in particular those regarding
agriculture lands) are a widespread phenomenon in Mediterranean regions and particularly
intensive along urban borders. Historical land use data were derived from a variety of sources including
cadastral data, maps and aerial photographs. A GIS was necessary to store, manipulate
and analyse the digital information and to carry out land use change analysis. The historical analysis
started by analysing the cadastral data of 1860, 1920 and 2007. The first one shows a higher density
of olive groves in the ring around the city than the present. They were associated with vineyards,
pasture and ploughed land. From 1860 to 1920 the olive stands increased due to destruction of the
vineyards affected by Grape phylloxera. The information regarding the period between 1920 and
1977 and from 1977 to 2007 is given by aerial photographs that allow determine high resolution
details in a spatial complex landscape. From 1960’s the city of Sassari had had the major expansion
characterized also by an uncontrolled diffusive urbanization (sprawl) for the leak of a specific
legislation. Between 1920 and 1977 the urban development caused the decline of the olive stands
due cover density reduction or land use change, with the final result of disappearance of almost
100,000 olive trees in fifty years. The decline operates along the internal limit of the ring caused
by urban expansion, and in several locations within the ring due the realization of small villages and
the transformation of the olive grove in a garden. The former pattern is the principal factor of the
olive landscape fragmentation. Despite the decline, in the external limit of the ring was verified the
increase of olive groves but with lower magnitude than the decrease. Similar trends were evaluated
for the period 1977-2007 using cadastral data, and digital land use maps. The main causes of olive
stand decrease can be summarized in the request of lands for the realization of new industrial and
12 residential areas; in the people movement from the city to the rural area motivated by the better life condition; in the absence of a specific legislation for landscape protection and regulation.
Finally the research gives some guideline for management and recovery of the olive groves in
Sardinia which rule in Mediterranean ecosystems is recognized in a wide range of studies
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