1,721,065 research outputs found
Cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer
No full textThe relation between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk was investigated in a multicentric case-control study conducted in Italy on 2,569 women with incident, histologically confirmed breast cancer and 2,588 control women admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic, non-hormonal, non-gynaecological or smoking-related conditions, Compared with women who had never smoked, current smokers had a multivariate odds ratio (OR) of 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-1.0] and former smokers an OR of 1.14 (5% CT 0.9-1.4), while the OR for ever vs never smokers was 0.93 (95% CI 0.8-1.1). The ORs were 1.02 for < 5 cigarettes per day, 0.99 for 5-14 cigarettes per day, 0.78 for 15-24 cigarettes per day and 1.18 for greater than or equal to 25 cigarettes per day, No consistent pattern of risk was observed according to duration of smoking, age at starting and time since starting smoking, Compared with never smokers, former smokers had ORs of 1.45 for < 3 years since stopping smoking, 1.79 for 3-6 years, 1.16 for 7-15 years and 0.74 for greater than or equal to 16 years, No heterogeneity emerged across strata of selected covariates, Thus, this study, one of the largest conducted in Europe to date, does not support the presence of any association of practical importance between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cancer mortality in Genoa (Italy) by place of birth and lenght of residence.
No full textCancer mortality by place of birth and lenght of residenc
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Long-term endoscopic surveillance of patients with Barrett’S esophagus. A prospective study.
No full textDiagnostic value of mesothelin in pleural fluids: comparison with CYFRA 21-1 and CEA
No full textCYFRA 21-1 and CEA have been applied for
the differential diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma
(MPM). The soluble mesothelin-related peptide
(SMRP) has been proposed as a specific marker for distinguishing
MPM from benign diseases and other malignancies
in pleural effusions (PEs). In this study, we
evaluated the usefulness of SMRP in PEs in the detection
of mesotheliomas by comparing it with that of CYFRA
21-1, CEA, and with cytological examination. One hundred
and seventy-seven consecutive patients (57 MPM, 64
metastatic tumors, and 56 benign diseases) were evaluated
using commercial tests. The performance of the markerswas analyzed by standard ROC analysis methods, using the
area under a ROC curve (AUC) as a measure of accuracy.
CYFRA 21-1 better differentiated malignant from benign
effusions. The corresponding area under the receiver
operating characteristic curve was 0.87, while it was 0.74
for SMRP and 0.64 for CEA (p.001). Conversely,
SMRP differentiated MPM from all other PEs better than
both CYFRA 21-1 and CEA (AUC = 0.84, 0.76, and 0.32,
respectively, p = 0.003). Low levels of CEA were associated
with a MPM diagnosis. The AUC for differentiating
MPM from metastases was 0.81 for SMRP, 0.61 for CYFRA
21-1, and 0.20 for CEA (p.001). In cases with
negative or suspicious cytology, SMRP and CYFRA 21-1
identified 36/71 and 46/66 malignant PEs (29 and 31 MPM,
respectively). Only 1 MPM showed a high CEA concentration.
No single marker showed the best performance in
any comparison. Results suggest that SMRP could improve
CYFRA 21-1 and CEA accuracy in the differential diagnosis
of MPM
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