169,822 research outputs found

    Europa-Africa: origine ed evoluzione della cooperazione. Dal trattato di Roma alla convenzione di Lomé ̈

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    Il summit tenutosi a Lisbona l’8 dicembre 2007 è lo spunto per ripercorrere le tappe delle relazioni Europa - Africa nel campo degli accordi per la cooperazione allo sviluppo. Sono trascorsi cinquant’anni dalla firma del trattato istitutivo della Comunità Economica Europea (25 marzo 1957), trattato che dava anche vita a rapporti economici preferenziali tra i sei paesi della CEE (Francia, Germania, Italia, Belgio, Olanda, Lussemburgo) e alcuni territori africani legati ancora da un rapporto di tipo coloniale alla madrepatria. Contemporaneamente, con l’indipendenza del Ghana (6 marzo 1957), si avviava il processo di decolonizzazione in Africa che trovava il suo culmine nel 1960. Da allora i rapporti CEE- Africa seguirono un’evoluzione attraverso le Convenzioni di Yaoundé (I e II) e poi di Lomé (I,II,III,IV), alla ricerca di rapporti economici paritari. Un ruolo importante in questo contesto lo hanno avuto USA, URSS e Chiesa cattolica che, negli anni della decolonizzazione, sono intervenuti ideologicamente e materialmente influenzando la politica degli aiuti portata avanti dall’Europa comunitari

    Protein synthesis and aminoacid pool during yeast- mycelial transition induced by N-acetyl-d-glucosamine in Candida albicans.

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    Protein synthesis at different stages of yeast-mycelial transition induced by N-aCetyl-Dglucosamine in Candida albicans was evaluated by following incorporation of radioactive amino acids into the acid-insoluble cellular material. In passing from the early germ-tube formation (60-90 min) to the mature hyphal cell (240-270 min) there was a marked decrease in the capacity for protein synthesis. Apparently, this decrease was not due to a decreased amino acid uptake into the soluble cellular pool or to exhaustion of carbonlenergy source in the inducing medium with consequent arrest of growth. Protein synthesis, however, did not decay when amino acids at high concentration were added to the medium fostering the yeast-mycelial transition and this effect was potentiated by glucose. Analysis of the intracellular amino acid pool showed that both germ-tubes and hyphal cells were relatively depleted of several amino acids as compared to the yeast-form cells, whereas in the hyphae there was a higher concentration of glutamic acid/glutamine, the latter being the predominant component. These modulations in amino acid pool composition were not seen when yeasts were converted to hyphae in an amino acid-rich induction medium. This study emphasizes that yeast-form cells of C. albicans may efficiently convert to the mycelial form even under a progressively lowered rate of protein synthesis, and suggests that initiation of hyphal morphogenesis in the presence of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is somehow separated from cellular growth

    Relation between climate and vegetation along a Mediterranean-Temperate boundary in central Italy

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    The relationship between climate and vegetation was investigated along a Mediterranean-Temperate boundary in central Italy. The study area is a transition zone between the Temperate (Eurosiberian) and Mediterranean regions and has an altitudinal range of almost 1750 m. Ordination and cluster analysis were used. The results did not show any sharp boundary but a climate-vegetation mosaic ranging from upper mountain thermotype and lower hyperhumid ombrotype with Fagus sylvatica L. woodlands at higher altitudes, to meso-Mediterranean thermotype and lower subhumid ombrotype with Mediterranean maquis and Quercus ilex L. woods on the coast. Six phytoclimatic groups are distinguished and described in terms of climatic parameters, vegetation types and morphological and chorological traits. These parameters indicate a change without sharp discontinuities between groups. The Mediterranean to Temperate transition in this Tyrrhenian sector is broad and includes most of the study area
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