1,354,522 research outputs found
FiLBY-2 – a reading fluency training for all students? Effects of FiLBY-2
No full textDie letzten IGLU- und PISA-Studien zeigen, dass es in Deutschland in den letzten 20 Jahren nicht gelungen ist, die ungünstige Kopplung zwischen Leseleistung und sozialer Herkunft maßgeblich zu reduzieren. Im Leseunterricht profitieren vor allem die stärkeren Leserinnen und Leser, während sich der Abstand zu den schwächeren Schülerinnen und Schüler über die Schuljahre vergrößert. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht an einer Stichprobe von 8 859 Grundschulkindern, inwiefern es dem Lesetraining FiLBY-2 gelingt, unterschiedliche Schülergruppen so zu fördern, dass eine sich öffnende Leistungsschere minimiert wird. Die durchgeführten Analysen zeigen, dass alle Kinder hinsichtlich ihrer Leseflüssigkeit von dem Programm profitieren, insbesondere auch die Gruppe der schwächeren Leserinnen und Leser. Der Vorteil der FiLBY-Gruppe bleibt auch nach Kontrolle des Geschlechts, des Migrationshintergrunds bzw. des Bildungshintergrundes bestehen. Die Ergebnisse lassen Implikationen für die Unterrichtspraxis zu, die anschließend diskutiert werden.The latest IGLU and PISA studies show that Germany has not succeeded in significantly reducing the unfavorable link between reading performance and social background over the past 20 years. In reading instruction, it is primarily the stronger readers who benefit, while the gap between them and the weaker students widens over the school years. Using a sample of 8,859 elementary school children, this paper examines the extent to which the FiLBY-2 reading training program succeeds in supporting different groups of students in such a way as to minimize a widening achievement gap. The analyses conducted show that all children benefit from the program in terms of their reading fluency, especially the group of weaker readers. An advantage of the FiLBY group remains even after controlling for gender, migration background, and educational background. The results allow for implications for teaching practice, which will be discussed subsequently
Eliza Filby, God & Mrs Thatcher. The Battle for Britain’s Soul
No full textRecenzja książki Elizy Filby pt. "God & Mrs Thatcher. The Battle for Britain’s Soul", Biteback Publishing Ltd, London 2015, ss. xxxiii + 40
Behaviour of vortex matter in the presence of periodic pinning
No full textHigh temperature superconductors YBa2Cu3O7-δ and YBa2Cu4O8 are studied for the case that field is aligned with the intrinsically layered structure. A novel susceptibility technique is employed, revealing pronounced commensurability oscillations, including the first observation of commensurability phenomena in Y124. Oscillations are periodic in B-1/2 and include distinct hysteretic features. History dependences reveal reversible regions that are attributed to commensurate states. A study of statistical variations between repeated measurements is used to quantify correlation between irreproducibility and irreversibility, providing evidence for transitions between commensurate states. Oscillation doubling is seen for high fields in Y123, and attributed to the effect of twins. A study of the phase diagram of underdoped YBa2Cu3O7-δ is presented, in fields up to 28T, made using both four-probe and flux transformer transport measurements, the latter technique enabling the measurement of the elimination of flux motion perpendicular to the crystal layers. The initial, diagonal part of the melting line at high temperature is seen to continue past the upturn at T*. The resulting phase diagram contains both this diagonal line, similar to the melting line away from alignment, and two vertical phase lines corresponding to the formation of Josephson vortices below T*, and the lower temperature TL, detected using the flux transformer, and below which vortex movement is locked into the planes. Pb hemispherical anti-dot arrays fabricated by a new technique of electroplating around self-assembled arrays of micron sized spheres are studied using AC susceptibility and DC magnetisation measurements. Pronounced commensurability effects are seen, with large increase in critical current and temperature at fields where there is an integer number of flux quanta per hole. Comparisons are drawn between these and arrays created using conventional lithographic techniques. Whilst both demonstrate commensurability effects, differences are marked. The large difference in the shape of holes in the arrays results in large differences in the qualitative commensurability behaviour. The weaker vortex pinning in the spherical arrays leads to a greater influence of vortex lattice forces, resulting in more collective type vortex pinning than individual. Unusual dynamic effects are also seen, including channelling effects for large drives.</p
The influence of the src-family kinases, Lck and Fyn, on T cell differentiation, survival and activation
No full textThe src-family kinases p56lck (Lck) and p59fyn (Fyn) are expressed in T cells and are among the first signaling molecules to be activated downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR). Evidence is emerging that although closely related, these signaling molecules have discrete functions during development, maintenance and activation of peripheral T cells. For example, during thymopoiesis Lck is uniquely able to provide all the signals required for pre-TCRbeta selection, although Fyn can substitute for a subset of these. Positive selection of CD4 single-positive (SP) cells is also critically dependent on the expression of Lck but not Fyn, while differentiation of CD8 SP cells proceeds relatively efficiently in the absence of Lck. In naïve peripheral T cells either Lck or Fyn can transmit TCR-mediated survival signals, and yet only Lck is able to trigger TCR-mediated expansion signals under conditions of lymphopenia. Stimulation of naïve T cells by antigenic stimuli is also severely compromised in the absence of Lck, but more subtly impaired by the absence of Fyn. We discuss recent experiments addressing how these two src-kinase family members interface with downstream signaling pathways to regulate these diverse aspects of T cell behavior
A short comparison between Voellmy-fluid and Criminale-Ericksen-Filby-fluid dense snow avalanche models
No full textIn the publications Norem et al. (1987) and Norem et al. (1989) a dense snow avalanche model is proposed that uses a Criminale-Ericksen-Filby constitutive relation with power law viscosity functions. A vertical velocity profile is derived assuming that the viscosity functions are raised to the power n=2 and that on the flow surface the sliding velocity is governed by a viscous slip law. In this paper we restate the model equations of Norem in a general conservative form without cohesion. The reformulation of the governing equations reveals that shear deformations are caused by surface roughness. Furthermore, longitudinal straining of the avalanche body behaves according to a viscous law that allows active-passive flow states. The numerical model is applied to simulate the Aulta avalanche and two calculation examples of the Swiss Guidelines on Avalanche Calculation. We show that the model predicts equal or higher flow velocities than the numerical Voellmy-fluid model now used in Switzerland to predict avalanche runout. We also show, however, that the model is especially sensitive to terrain slope and for equal terminal flow velocities, the n=2 Criminale-Ericksen-Filby model will predict shorter runout distances
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
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