1,721,029 research outputs found
Risk factors of road traffic injuries among motorcyclists in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
No full textBackground: Commercial motorcycling has become an alternative mode of transport and employment in low and middle-income countries, contributing to road traffic injuries and deaths. Still, there is limited context-specific knowledge regarding risk factors associated with commercial motorcycling. Thus, there is a need to deepen the understanding of factors associated with road traffic injuries among commercial motorcycle drivers to provide evidence-based data that can be used to support preventive strategies for road traffic injuries in Tanzania.Aim: The overall aim of the thesis was to identify risk factors associated with motorcycle-related injuries in the context of the road environment, human behaviour, and work-related factors among motorcyclists in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: The thesis is based on four studies with different study designs. Article I is a cross-sectional and observational study using motorcycle-related crash data extracted from the Tanzanian police force. Multiple correspondences and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to assess the profile of high-risk locations for motorcycle crashes. Articles II and III are based on a population-based case-control study of commercial motorcycle drivers. Article II was used to assess the effect of alcohol consumption and marijuana use on the risk of road traffic injuries. The cases were commercial motorcycle drivers who sustained road traffic injuries leading to hospital attendance, while controls were drivers recruited from the parking stage from the same source population as the case and who had not experienced any road traffic injuries leading to hospital attendance in the past six months. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations. Article III was performed to determine the effect of motorcycle ownership on the risk of road traffic injuries and the mediating roles of risky driving behaviour and the number of working hours. The associations were estimated using binary logistic regression and decomposition analysis. Assess the mediating roles of risky driving behaviour and the number of working hours. In Article IV, a cross-sectional study was performed to study the association between financial stress and risky driving behaviour and to assess if types of motorcycle ownership moderate that relationship. Modified Poisson regression with the robust error was used to estimate the prevalence ratio.Results: Article I: We identified three clusters of hot spots of motorcycle crashes with different levels of injury severity differing according to road infrastructure and traffic density attributes. High-risk locations for fatal motorcycle crashes were overrepresented with areas located on trunk roads, with a mixture of different types of road users, and where trunk or collector roads ran through residential and commercial areas. Article II: Risky drinking was associated with 2.41 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.01 - 5.76) of road traffic injuries among commercial motorcycle drivers. Article III: Regarding occupational exposure, the odds of road traffic injuries were significantly higher among drivers who co-owned their motorcycles (OR=3.65, 95% CI: 2.12 - 6.28) and renters (OR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.36 - 3.75). Mediation analyses showed that risky driving behaviour and the number of working hours partially mediated the associations between types of motorcycle ownership and the risk of road traffic injuries. Article IV: Financial stress was associated with 3.27 times higher (95% CI: 2.07 - 5.17) prevalence ratio of risky driving behaviour. Risky driving behaviours were significantly higher among co-owners (PR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.48 - 4.00) and renters (PR =2.33, 95% CI: =1.43 - 3.80) compared to self-owners. There was a significant interaction effect of high financial stress on risky driving behaviours with co-owners (PR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.23 - 0.77) and renters (PR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.26 - 0.76).Conclusion: Clusters of hotspots of motorcycle-related injuries were characterized by unseparated two ways, trunk roads, at T-junctions, in residential and commercial areas with a mixture of different road users. Risky alcohol use was associated with increased odds of road traffic injuries among commercial motorcycle drivers. The findings showed that co-owning or renting a motorcycle exacerbates the odds of road traffic injuries. Further, financial stress was associated with increased odds of risky driving behaviour. Co-ownership or rental modifies the association between financial stress and risky driving behaviour. These findings underscore the need to consider human and work-related factors when implementing preventive measures for road traffic injuries involving motorcycles.List of scientific papersI. Filbert Francis, Candida Moshiro, Hans Yngve Berg, and Marie Hasselberg. Investigation of road infrastructure and traffic density attributes at high-risk locations for motorcycle-related injuries using multiple correspondences and cluster analysis in urban Tanzania. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. 28, no. 4 (2021):428-438. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2021.1930060 II. George Kiwango*, Filbert Francis*, Candida Moshiro, Jette Möller, and Marie Hasselberg. Association between alcohol consumption, marijuana use and road traffic injuries among commercial motorcycle riders: A population-based, case-control study in Dares Salaam, Tanzania. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 160 (2021):106325. *Equal contribution. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106325 III. Filbert Francis, Jette Möller, Candida Moshiro, George Kiwango, Hans Yngve Berg, and Marie Hasselberg. Associations and mediators between types of motorcycle ownership and road traffic injuries among motorcycle taxi drivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Safety Science. 162 (2023):106094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106094 IV. Filbert Francis, Jette Möller, Hans Yngve Berg, George Kiwango, Candida Moshiro, Marie Hasselberg. Association between financial stress and risky driving behaviour and the moderating role of types of motorcycle ownership among commercial motorcycle drivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. [Manuscript]</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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