1,721,069 research outputs found
Supplementation in omega 3 and antioxidant and oxidative stress during judo training
No full textL’objectif de notre étude était de mesurer l’influence d’une supplémentation de 6 semaines en oméga 3 (600 mg EPA et 400 mg DHA par jour) pris seul ou en association avec un antioxydant vitaminique (30 mg vitamine E, 60 mg vitamine C et 6 mg β- carotène par jour), sur l’évolution des paramètres oxydants, antioxydants et lipidiques de judokas (n = 37). Les sujets ont aléatoirement été répartis en trois groupes: placebo, oméga 3, ou oméga 3 et antioxydant. Des prélèvements sanguins ont été collectés avant et après un entrainement de judo, réalisé avant et après une période de supplémentation. Nous avons analysé: la lag phase, le taux maximum d’oxydation (Rmax) et la quantité maximale (CDmax) des diènes conjugués, l’oxyde nitrique (NO), les malondialdéhydes (MDA), les peroxydes lipidiques (LOOH), les α-tocophérol, le rétinol, le profil lipidique au niveau sanguin, et l’activité de la glutathion peroxydase au niveau salivaire. L’alimentation des sujets a été contrôlée au moyen de registres alimentaires de 7 jours. Une interaction significative entre la supplémentation et le temps (p < .01) a été notée avec les triglycérides, qui ont diminué au repos tout comme à l’effort. Une interaction significative entre la supplémentation et le temps (p < .05) a également été constatée par une élévation des valeurs de repos en MDA, LOOH et Rmax dans le groupe oméga 3, alors qu’aucun changement n’a été observé dans le groupe placebo. Avec l’exercice, nous avons observé une augmentation significativement supérieure des NO et de la peroxydation lipidique (MDA, Rmax, CDmax, LOOH) dans le groupe oméga 3 par rapport au placebo. L’addition de l’antioxydant aux omégas 3 n’est pas parvenue à prévenir la formation de produits de l’oxydation au repos, mais elle a contribué à la diminution significative de la peroxydation lipidique (LOOH, CDmax, Rmax et MDA) après l’entrainement de judo, et à l’augmentation significative du rétinol et des α-tocophérols au repos tout comme après l’entrainement.The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of 6 wk of omega 3 (600 mg EPA and 400 mg DHA per day) supplementation alone or in association with an antioxidant (30 mg vitamin E, 60 mg vitamin C and 6 mg β carotene per day) on resting and exercise-induced alteration in oxidation, antioxidant status and lipids in judoists (n = 37). Subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: placebo, omega 3, or omega 3 and antioxidant. Blood samples were collected in preexercise and postexercise conditions (judo-training session), both before and after the supplementation period. The following parameters were analyzed: α-tocopherol, retinol, lag phase , maximum rate of oxidation (Rmax), maximum amount of conjugated dienes (CDmax), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipoperoxides (LOOH) concentrations, salivary glutathione peroxidase activity, and the lipid profile. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day dietary record. A significant interaction effect between supplementation and time (p < .01) on triglycerides was noted at rest and after exercise, with resting values significantly lower in the omega 3 group after supplementation than in the placebo group. Significant interaction effects between supplementation and time (p < .05) on resting MDA, LOOH concentrations and Rmax were found, with elevated values in the omega 3 group after supplementation and no change in the placebo group’s levels. The authors observed a significantly greater NO and lipid peroxidation (MDA, Rmax, CDmax, LOOH) increase with exercise in the omega 3 group than with placebo. The addition of antioxidants did not prevent the formation of oxidation products at rest. On the contrary, it seems that the combination of antioxidants added to the omega 3 supplements led to a decrease in LOOH, CDmax, Rmax and MDA concentrations after a judo training session. With the addition of antioxidants, the retinol and α-tocopherol significantly increased at rest and after the training session
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Exercise and supplementation with taurine in the elderly: effects on immunity and blood-brain barrier
No full textTese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto, Ramo Atividade Física e Saúde, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física da Universidade de Coimbra.BACKGROUND: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) does not allow any bulk flow of
substances between the blood and the brain, and acts as a "gate" that protects the neurons.
Dysfunctions in this structure are directly associated with the appearance of
neurodegenerative diseases, mainly in the elderly. The widening of inflammation and
oxidative processes that occur with aging decrease the BBB integrity and contribute to
increased degeneration. Both exercise and nutritional interventions have proven to be
effective in promoting health benefits. However, their effects on the integrity of the BBB
are still unknown in humans. The objectives of this work were: to study the effect of
exercise and supplementation with taurine on pro-and inflammatory cytokines and
oxidative stress enzymes (such as IL-1β, IL-1ra, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17, myeloperoxidase
and matrix metalloproteinase-9), peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier leakage and
neuronal damage (S100β and neuronal specific enolase - NSE), global cognition, and
levels of physical fitness in elderly women.
METHODS: A total of forty-eight (n=48) institutionalized elderly women (age 83,58±6,9
years) participated in the study and were divided into four groups: combined exercise
training (CET: n=13), taurine supplementation (TAU: n=12), exercise training in
association with taurine (CET+TAU: n=11) and a control group (CG: n=12). The
combined exercise training (done by participants of CET and CET+TAU) was apply 2
times per week, in non-consecutive days, and consisted of strength training with elastic
bands, aerobic and stretching exercises. The supplementation with taurine (done in TAU
and CET+TAU) was given (1,5g/once a day) during 14 weeks. All interventions lasted
14 weeks and all subjects were evaluated before and after this period. The CG did not
undergo exercise or supplementation programs, but received care as usual in the nursing
home. Plasma and serum concentrations were used to analyze the biological markers by
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Physical fitness was assessed using the
senior Physical Fitness battery test, and the assessment of global cognition using the MiniMental
State Examination (MMSE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tests.
RESULTS: repeated measures ANOVA revealed that was a treatment*group effect on
S100β levels. Afterwards, univariate analysis demonstrated that, despite non-significant,
this protein decreased in all interventions and increase in the CG. No changes were
observed in NSE levels despite a subtle increase in the CG. For the CET group reductions
of TNF-α, IL-1β/IL-1ra and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios were observed (p<0.05). In the TAU group decreases the IL-1β/IL-1ra ratio, MPO and MMP-9 were observed after the
intervention (p<0.05). No significant changes were observed in CET+TAU group for any
of the biological parameters studied, however, it was the only group to significantly
increase the MMSE score, while the CG presented decrease in both MMSE and MoCA
(p<0.05). Levels of physical fitness were improved in CET+TAU in two tests (8-foot-up
and go test, and 2 minutes Step test, p<0.05), and no significant changes were observed
in the other groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that group membership
influenced the changes in S100β, together with a trend for an impact of baseline
comorbidity index and changes in IL-1β observed for S100β (p=0.054).
CONCLUSION: the practice of exercise or supplementation with taurine can decrease
markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and maintain the BBB integrity in
institutionalized elderly women. Exercise also maintain/improve cognition and physical
fitness in this sample. It seems that the baseline comorbidity index influences the
magnitude of effects of both (exercise and supplementation) interventions. The exercise
(alone) presented the greater magnitude of effect in maintaining the BBB integrity,
showing that it is an important tool to improve brain health even when started at advanced
ages.INTRODUÇÃO: A barreira hematoencefálica (BHE) não permite o fluxo em massa de
substâncias entre a circulação sanguínea periférica e o cérebro, protegendo assim os
neurônios. As disfunções nesta estrutura estão diretamente associadas com o
aparecimento de doenças neurodegenerativas, principalmente em idosos. O aumento da
inflamação crônica e do stress oxidativo, que ocorrem com o envelhecimento, diminuem
a integridade da BHE e contribuem para a sua degeneração. Ambas as práticas, exercício
e intervenção nutricional, tem demonstrado eficácia em promover benefícios para a
saúde, no entanto, seus efeitos na integridade da BHE são ainda desconhecidos em
humanos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: estudar os efeitos do exercício e da
suplementação com taurina em citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias e enzimas oxidativas
(tais como IL-1β, IL-1ra, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17, mieloperoxidase – MPO e
metaloproteinase de matrix-9 – MMP-9), marcadores periféricos de lesão na barreira
hematoencefálica (BBB) e lesão neuronal (S100β e enolase neuronal específica – NSE),
cognição global (Mini Exame do Estado Mental – MMSE e MoCA), e níveis de aptidão
física em mulheres idosas.
MÉTODOS: um total de quarenta e oito (n=48) idosas institucionalizadas (média de idade
83,58±6,9 anos) participaram do estudo e foram divididas em quatro grupos: treino com
exercício combinado (CET: n=13), suplementação com taurina (TAU: n=12), treino com
exercício combinado com a suplementação (CET+TAU: n=11) e grupo controlo (CG:
n=12). O treinamento de exercício combinado (realizado pelos indivíduos dos grupos
CET e CET+TAU), ocorreu duas vezes por semana, com intervalo de pelo menos um dia
entre as sessões, e envolveu atividades de treino de força com bandas elásticas, exercícios
aeróbios e de flexibilidade. A suplementação com taurina (ingerida pelos indivíduos dos
grupos TAU e CET+TAU) foi administrada (1,5g/dia) todos os dias, durante 14 semanas.
Todas as intervenções duraram 14 semanas e todos os sujeitos foram avaliados antes e
após esse período. Os indivíduos do CG não estiveram envolvidos em nenhum programa
de atividade física ou de suplementação, mas continuaram recebendo os cuidados usuais
no lar. Amostras de soro e plasma foram utilizadas para quantificar a concentração dos
marcadores biológicos propostos para o trabalho através de ELISA. A bateria de testes de
aptidão física para idosos (Senior Physical Fitness test), e a aplicação de questionário
para recolha de dados de cognição global (Mini Exame do Estado Mental – MMSE, e Montreal Cognitive Assessment – MoCA), também foram administrados em ambos os
momentos.
RESULTADOS: a aplicação de ANOVA de medidas repetidas mostrou um efeito
significativo para a interação ente tratamento*grupo nos níveis de S100β. A análise
univariada mostrou que, apesar de não significativo, os níveis dessa proteína caíram em
todos os grupos de intervenção, e um aumento foi observado no CG. Além disso, não
foram observadas mudanças nos índices de NSE em todos os grupos, apesar de um subtil
aumento no CG. O grupo CET reduziu significativamente os índices de TNF-α, e os rácios
de IL-1β/IL-1ra e TNF-α/IL-10 (p<0.05). O grupo TAU apresentou um decréscimo no
rácio IL-1β/IL-1ra, bem como na MPO e MMP-9 (p<0.05). Não foram observadas
mudanças significativas no grupo CET+TAU para os parâmetros biológicos avaliados,
entretanto, este foi o único grupo que apresentou significativo incremento nos valores de
MMSE, enquanto que o CG apresentou uma ligeira queda neste teste e nos índices do
MoCA (p<0.05). Além disso, os níveis de aptidão física melhoraram no grupo CET+TAU
em dois testes (8-foot-up and go test, e 2 minutes Step test, p<0.05), e não foram
observadas mudanças significativas nos outros grupos. A regressão linear múltipla
mostrou que o grupo influencia as mudanças observadas na S100β, entretanto, existiu
também uma tendência para um impacto do índice de comorbidade e a variação da IL-1β
interferirem nessas mudanças (p=0.054).
CONCLUSÃO: a prática de exercício físico ou suplementação com taurina podem
diminuir a concentração de citocinas inflamatórias e de enzimas oxidativas, além de
manter a integridade da BBB em idosas institucionalizadas. O exercício ainda
manteve/melhorou a cognição e a aptidão física dessa amostra. Parece ainda haver uma
influência do índice de comorbidade na magnitude dos efeitos mediados por ambas
(exercício e suplementação) intervenções. O exercício (sozinho) apresentou as maiores
magnitudes de efeito na manutenção da integridade da BBB, mostrando que este é uma
importante ferramenta para promover a saúde do cérebro, mesmo quando iniciado em
idades avançadas.Coodenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES), Ministério da Educação, Brasil
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Influence of a dietary restriction period on salivary biomarkers of stress, psychological parameters and performance among high-level weightlifters
No full textLa restriction des apports alimentaires est une méthode couramment utilisée pour perdre du poids dans les sports à catégories de poids. La réduction des apports caloriques se traduit par une activation des systèmes physiologiques du stress, au niveau central et périphérique, visant à préserver l’homéostasie énergétique. Néanmoins, l’influence sur les paramètres physiologiques, psychologiques et physiques reste controversée et ne permet pas de définir clairement un impact négatif de la restriction alimentaire sur la santé et le niveau de performance. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer l’influence d’une restriction alimentaire sur les indicateurs psychophysiologiques du stress, ainsi que le niveau de performance chez des haltérophiles de haut niveau. Nos résultats ont montré que la restriction alimentaire ne modifiait pas le niveau de performance en haltérophilie, mais induisait une altération des paramètres psychologiques. La période de restriction alimentaire se traduisait par une dissociation de l’activité des systèmes physiologiques du stress, ainsi qu’une modification des réponses hormonales à une compétition simulée d’haltérophilie. Il reste à définir les répercussions à long terme de l’altération des paramètres psychophysiologiques sur la santé et la capacité de performance du sportif. Il serait également intéressant d'étudier l'influence de la restriction alimentaire sur le microbiote intestinal et les répercussions éventuelles sur l'axe intestin-cerveau.Restricting dietary intake is a widespread method for losing weight in weight categories sports. Reduction of calorie intake results in an activation of the physiological stress systems, both at central and peripheral levels, aiming at preserving energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, the influence on physiological, psychological and physical parameters remains controversial and do not allows to clearly defining a negative impact of dietary restriction on health and performance level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a dietary restriction period on the psychophysiological indicators of stress, as well as the level of performance in high-level weightlifters. Our results showed that dietary restriction did not modify weightlifting performance level, but resulted in an alteration of the psychological parameters. The dietary restriction period resulted in a dissociation of the activity of the physiological stress systems, as well as a modification of the hormonal responses to a simulated weightlifting competition. It remains to define the long-term impacts of the alteration of psychophysiological parameters on the athlete’s health and performance capacity. It would also be interesting to evaluate the influence of dietary restriction on intestinal microbiota and the possible influence on the gut-brain axis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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