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    Rheological properties of printing pastes and their influence on quality-determining parameters in screen printing of cotton with reactive dyes using recycled polysaccharide thickeners

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    Alginate, carboxymethylated guar gum and carboxymethylated cellulose, used as thickeners in printing pastes for monoreactive dyes, were recycled from wastewater concentrates (separated by ultrafiltration from wastewater after screen printing of cotton), and from printing paste residues (obtained from the cleaning of printing equipment and application systems in the printing machine). The printing performance, using original and recycled polymers, was studied via rheological properties of printing pastes and quality-determining parameters of printing. A quantitative interpretation of the flow and the viscoelastic properties, which are strongly connected to the qualitative parameters of printing, was obtained using rheological models (Cross and Friedrich–Braun model). Recycled thickeners are easily reused for screen printing of cotton with monoreactive dyes, provided that the printing paste recipe fits a rheological constraint of equal viscosity in the steady shear conditions

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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