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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Morphometric Analysis of Third Molar Development: A Comparison of Albanian and Italian Sample Populations
No full textThe goal of this study was to investigate the differences between
third molar root development in Italian and Albanian populations when
determining the age of adults.
This presentation will impact the forensic science community by
underlining the importance of using morphometric analysis in age
estimation while also taking into account the differences that exist
between various ethnic groups
Introduction: Determination of adult age by tooth analysis is an
important issue in forensics and has significant implications in
determining criminal liability. It also plays a critical role in issues
regarding young illegal immigrants and refugee children. Moreover, the
results of such analyses play a substantial role in areas related to school
attendance, social benefits, adoption procedures, employment, and
marriage as related to international protections guaranteed by the United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
The study was conducted on digital orthopantomographs (OPG) and
was based on identification criteria using morphometric analysis with the
goal of overcoming the limits associated with using morphological
analysis alone. This investigation also served to verify the existence of
differences in third molar development among Italian and Albanian
populations.
The goal of the study was to test the possibility of applying the
results of a previous morphometric analysis conducted on an Italian
sample population (Forensic Sci. 2008 Jul; 53(4): 904-9) to an Albanian
sample population: Albanians are the second most populous ethnic group
in Italy after Italians.
Materials and Methods: OPGs were obtained by systematic
digital analysis using specialized dental software. In the first phase of the
study, the confidence intervals obtained from the Italian sample were
applied to a sample of 140 Albanians whose OPG ages were between 16
and 19 years. This was done in order to ascertain the feasibility of using
these confidence intervals. Preliminary results revealed the risk of age
overestimation in 15% of the sample when these confidence intervals
were applied to the Albanian sample. As a result, another analysis was
carried out on a sample of 100 third molars with fully developed roots, all
belonging to Albanians, in order to investigate the existence of a constant
crown-to-root ratio (C/R).
After recording the measurements, a statistical analysis aimed at
identifying the arithmetic mean of the ratios, and standard deviation was
carried out. This resulted in an average C⁄R ratio value equal to 0.560,
slightly higher than the average values obtained from the Italian
population, and a standard deviation of 0.07.
In the second phase of our study, 494 third molars were analyzed
with developing roots belonging to Albanian individuals (from Tirana
and Valona) aged between 16 and 19 years, and subdivided by sex. The
values obtained from the first phase of the study were used in the
subsequent phase, thus establishing that when the crown height (h) of the
third molar, with developing roots, is known, the root length (lt) of the
molar, when it is fully developed, may also be known.
After establishing the length of the developing root, and based on
the constant ratio established in the first phase, the lengths of the
incomplete roots (ir) were calculated and the complete roots according to
growth estimates (cr). Final Ratio (fr): ir ⁄ cr incomplete root ⁄ complete
root beginning with root size values, a preliminary macro identification
was made for both sexes that distinguished minors from those whose ages
were 18 years or older. Analysis was made with 90%, 95%, and 99%
confidence intervals, obtaining two limit values (lower and upper) of the
ir ⁄ cr ratios in subjects under 18 (i.e. 16 and 17 years old), and over 18 in
our sample, according to sex.
A comparison of the results obtained from the two populations was
carried out.
Results: The Albanian sample showed higher developmental
asymmetry of the left and right inferior third molars than the Italian
sample. The Albanian sample showed a higher crown-to-root ratio as
well as a higher growth index than the Italian sample. There was not an
over estimation of the predicted root length in any of the cases. This is an
important consideration when seeking to avoid the risk of over-estimating age
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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