1,721,187 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Influence of microenvironment on virulence and biofilm formation of Cutibacterium acnes
No full textL’acné vulgaris est considérée comme l’une des maladies de la peau les plus communes. Sa pathologie n’est pas encore totalement élucidée mais Cutibacterium acnes (précédemment Propionibacterium acnes), est considérée comme l’un des facteurs principaux de son développement. Cette bactérie est caractérisée par une importante variabilité génomique et les souches de ribotype 4 et 5 (RT4 et RT5) ont été associées à l’acné tandis que celles de RT6 sont considérées comme commensales. Les différences physiologiques de ces types de C. acnes en fonction de leur environnement (différents milieux de culture) a été étudiée. De plus, un lien a été décrit entre l’acné et le stress, l’utilisation de produits cosmétiques sans conservateurs est en plein essor et les bactéries sont capables de réagir à des facteurs locaux par des changements métaboliques importants. Dans ce contexte, l’impact de deux catécholamines et de deux produits cosmétiques a également été testé. Cette étude montre que les différents types de C. acnes sont adaptés à des niches écologiques différentes : les souches acnéiques semblent adaptées à un développement dans les glandes sébacées tandis que les souches commensales se trouveraient plutôt en surface et en haut du follicule pileux. De plus, le type acnéique semble associé à un potentiel inflammatoire plus important, ce qui conforte sa possible implication dans l’acné. Les catécholamines (épinéphrine et norépinéphrine) peuvent stimuler leur capacité de formation de biofilm et C. acnes traité avec ces molécules peut stimuler la lipogenèse des sébocytes. Un lien pourrait donc être fait entre le stress et le rôle potentiel de C. acnes dans l’acné. D’autre part, cette étude montre également que le biofilm de C. acnes peut être diminué en présence d’eau thermale d’Uriage et/ou d’un polysaccharide riche en rhamnose (PS291®).Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases. Its pathogenesis is still unclear but Cutibacterium acnes (former Propionibacterium acnes) is considered as essential for its development. This bacterium is characterized by high genomic variability and some strains as ribotype 4 and 5 (RT4 and RT5) strains are highly associated with acne whereas RT6 strains are enriched in healthy skin. The physiological differences between these C. acnes types were evaluated dependently of their environment (culture media). Moreover, a link between acne and stress has been described, the use of preservative-free-cosmetics is burgeoning and bacteria can react to local factors by important metabolic changes. In this respect, two catecholamines and two cosmetic compounds were also tested. This study shows that the different C. acnes types are adapted to different ecological niches: acneic strains are adapted to sebaceous glands whereas non-acneic strains are more adapted to the skin surface and the upper hair follicle. Moreover, the acneic type seems associated to a more important inflammatory potential, which consolidates its possible implication in acne. The catecholamines can stimulate its biofilm formation and C. acnes treated by these molecules can stimulated the lipogenesis in sébocytes. Then, this study highlights the existence of a link between stress and the potential role of C. acnes in acne. Elsewhere, this study shows that the biofilm of C. acnes can be inhibited by Uriage thermal water and/or a rhamnose-rich polysaccharide (PS291®)
Investigation of an air pollutant (NO2) effect on the cutaneous microbiota
No full textLe dioxyde d’azote (NO2), en tant que second polluant atmosphérique le plus meurtrier en Europe est un des plus préoccupants pour la santé humaine selon l’Agence Européenne de l’Environnement. Il est notamment connu pour être responsable de maladies cardiovasculaires, respiratoires ainsi que pour contribuer au vieillissement cutané et au développement de la dermatite atopique. Des facteurs endogènes à l’hôte tels que le microbiote cutané interviennent également dans cette pathologie. En effet, de nombreuses pathologies cutanées sont corrélées à un déséquilibre (dysbiose) du microbiote bactérien, un acteur essentiel du maintien de l’homéostasie de la peau. Or, il est fortement soupçonné que l’effet des polluants sur la peau implique des mécanismes d’action directe mais également un mécanisme d’action indirecte lié à l’altération du microbiote cutané par le polluant. En conséquence, il est pertinent d’aborder l’effet du NO2 gazeux (gNO2) sur le microbiote cutané bactérien. Cette thèse a donc pour objectif d’évaluer l’impact physiologique, morphologique et moléculaire du NO2 sur des souches bactériennes commensales d’espèces représentatives du microbiote cutané (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum). Selon l’espèce, des réponses différentes au stress nitrosant généré par le gNO2 ont ainsi été mises en évidence ainsi qu’une tolérance plus importante au gNO2 pour certaines d’entre elles. Ces travaux suggèrent par conséquent que le NO2 pourrait contribuer à la formation d’un état dysbiotique du microbiote cutané et participer à l’action indirect du polluant sur la peau.Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), as the second most deadly air pollutant in Europe, is one of the most of concern for human health according to the European Environment Agency. It is notably known to be responsible for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and also contributes to skin aging and atopic dermatitis. Host endogenous factors such as the cutaneous microbiota are also involved in this pathology, which is common in urban and suburban areas. Indeed, many skin pathologies are correlated to an imbalance (dysbiosis) of the bacterial microbiota, an essential player in the preservation of skin homeostasis. However, it is strongly presumed that the effect of pollutants on the skin involves direct mechanisms of action but also an indirect mechanism linked to the alteration of the cutaneous microbiota by the pollutant. Consequently, it is relevant to address the effect of gaseous NO2 (gNO2) on the cutaneous microbiota. This thesis aims to assess the physiological, morphological and molecular impact of gNO2 on commensal bacterial strains of representative species of the cutaneous microbiota (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum). Depending on the species, different responses to gNO2-generated nitrosative stress were thus highlighted as well as a higher tolerance to gNO2 for some of them. This work therefore suggests that gNO2 could contribute to the formation of a dysbiotic state of the cutaneous microbiota and participate in the pollutant indirect action on the skin
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Confidential thesis defended on 06/08/2022
No full textLes industries cosmétiques ont récemment concentré leurs études sur l’impact de l’environnement sur le microbiote cutané. Le microbiote cutané peut être considéré comme une seconde barrière face aux stress environnementaux et constituerait la première ligne de défense notamment contre les irradiations UVs. Certains effets sur l’écosystème cutané peuvent être positifs, mais la plupart sont négatifs. Une photoprotection est alors nécessaire. L’objectif de cette thèse a été de comprendre les mécanismes mis en place suite à deux types d’exposition UVA et UVB sur des souches représentatives du microbiote cutané: Staphylococcus aureus MFP03, Staphylococcus epidermidis MFP04, Pseudomonas fluorescens MFP05, Micrococcus luteus MFP06 et Cutibacterium acnes RT6. Selon l’espèce bactérienne, des réponses physiologiques et protéiques différentes ont été observées. Des cibles protéiques sur- produites lors de ces expositions ont pu être identifiées et proposées pour de futures études afin d’en évaluer leur activité photoprotectrice.The cosmetics industry has recently focused on the environmental impact on the skin microbiota. The skin microbiota can be considered as a second barrier to the environment and would constitute the first line of defense in particular against UVs. Some effects on the skin ecosystem may be positive, but most appear to be negative. Photoprotection is thus necessary. The objective of this thesis was to understand the mechanisms developed by skin bacteria in response to UVA and UVB. Studies were realized using representative strains of the skin microbiota: Staphylococcus aureus MFP03, Staphylococcus epidermidis MFP04, Pseudomonas fluorescens MFP05, Micrococcus luteus MFP06 and Cutibacterium acnes RT6. Depending on the bacterial species, different physiological and protein responses were observed. Protein targets overproduced during these exposures have been suggested for future studies to evaluate their photoprotective activities
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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