1,720,962 research outputs found
Transfer of training – virtual reality training with augmented multisensory cues improves user experience during training and task performance in the real world
Get PDFVirtual reality (VR) can create safe, cost-effective, and engaging learning environments. It is commonly assumed that improvements in simulation fidelity lead to better learning outcomes. Some aspects of real environments, for example vestibular or haptic cues, are difficult to recreate in VR, but VR offers a wealth of opportunities to provide additional sensory cues in arbitrary modalities that provide task relevant information. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these cues improve user experience and learning outcomes, and, specifically, whether learning using augmented sensory cues translates into performance improvements in real environments. Participants were randomly allocated into three matched groups: Group 1 (control) was asked to perform a real tyre change only. The remaining two groups were trained in VR before performance was evaluated on the same, real tyre change task. Group 2 was trained using a conventional VR system, while Group 3 was trained in VR with augmented, task relevant, multisensory cues. Objective performance, time to completion and error number, subjective ratings of presence, perceived workload, and discomfort were recorded. The results show that both VR training paradigms improved performance for the real task. Providing additional, task-relevant cues during VR training resulted in higher objective performance during the real task. We propose a novel method to quantify the relative performance gains between training paradigms that estimates the relative gain in terms of training time. Systematic differences in subjective ratings that show comparable workload ratings, higher presence ratings and lower discomfort ratings, mirroring objective performance measures, were also observed. These findings further support the use of augmented multisensory cues in VR environments as an efficient method to enhance performance, user experience and, critically, the transfer of training from virtual to real environment scenarios
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cortical Population Dynamics Underlying Choice, Reaction Time, and Confidence
Get PDFDecision-making is a fundamental aspect of behavior that humans perform ubiquitously and repeatedly throughout their lives. Some decisions are second nature, like deciding to attend class, while others are complex, requiring an abundance of information to consider, such as the decision of which university to attend. However, all decision-making processes share core attributes that encompass the spectrum of complexity. Over the last several decades, scientists have identified and probed these characteristics to unveil the computational and neural underpinnings that make decision-making possible. In addition, these advances have pushed our understanding in other cognitive domains, including perception, attention, memory, learning, reward processing, and others. The essential nature of decision-making has provided an avenue for investigating and comprehending complex cognitive functions at a mechanistic level.
The research laid out in this dissertation addresses the neural representation of evidence for a decision, its temporal dynamics and spatial distribution across two levels of the cortical hierarchy, and how it predicts three key behavioral manifestations: choice, reaction time, and confidence. Chapter One presents a general introduction of the perceptual decision-making field both from a behavioral and neurophysiological perspective. Chapter Two describes the novel behavioral paradigm I developed and the main two models I considered throughout this work. Chapter Three summarizes my findings in visual areas MT/MST and neural correlates of choice and confidence. In Chapter Four I detail my electrophysiological results from area LIP, suggesting a parallel strategy for simultaneous reporting of choice and confidence. Lastly, Chapter Five provides a systematic analysis of the training process used to prepare animals for the experiments, elucidating interesting possible theories for learning. All in all, this work demonstrates both the strengths and limitations of current theories within the framework of bounded evidence accumulation, bringing us closer to a comprehensive account of decision formation and confidence judgments
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cortical Population Dynamics Underlying Choice, Reaction Time, and Confidence
Get PDFDecision-making is a fundamental aspect of behavior that humans perform ubiquitously and repeatedly throughout their lives. Some decisions are second nature, like deciding to attend class, while others are complex, requiring an abundance of information to consider, such as the decision of which university to attend. However, all decision-making processes share core attributes that encompass the spectrum of complexity. Over the last several decades, scientists have identified and probed these characteristics to unveil the computational and neural underpinnings that make decision-making possible. In addition, these advances have pushed our understanding in other cognitive domains, including perception, attention, memory, learning, reward processing, and others. The essential nature of decision-making has provided an avenue for investigating and comprehending complex cognitive functions at a mechanistic level.
The research laid out in this dissertation addresses the neural representation of evidence for a decision, its temporal dynamics and spatial distribution across two levels of the cortical hierarchy, and how it predicts three key behavioral manifestations: choice, reaction time, and confidence. Chapter One presents a general introduction of the perceptual decision-making field both from a behavioral and neurophysiological perspective. Chapter Two describes the novel behavioral paradigm I developed and the main two models I considered throughout this work. Chapter Three summarizes my findings in visual areas MT/MST and neural correlates of choice and confidence. In Chapter Four I detail my electrophysiological results from area LIP, suggesting a parallel strategy for simultaneous reporting of choice and confidence. Lastly, Chapter Five provides a systematic analysis of the training process used to prepare animals for the experiments, elucidating interesting possible theories for learning. All in all, this work demonstrates both the strengths and limitations of current theories within the framework of bounded evidence accumulation, bringing us closer to a comprehensive account of decision formation and confidence judgments
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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