1,720,974 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A low-subsidy problem in public higher education
No full textWith an exogenous public subsidy and a break-even restriction on university net revenue, tuition discrimination supports a quasi-efficient departure from marginal-cost pricing. In contrast, when the legislature and university interact in their subsidy and tuition decisions, the public subsidy becomes endogenous. With an endogenous public subsidy, support by legislatures is affected by the same factors that influence tuition; this leads to a situation where higher tuition revenue is accompanied by a lower public subsidy. The welfare of students declines when this "low-subsidy" case develops. The university's ability to address this issue depends on its being able to commit to a tuition policy, and credible commitment appears consistent with existing institutional conditions.Higher-education finance Public subsidies Tuition policy Tuition discrimination
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Welfare effects of subsidizing higher education when access and quality are endogenous
No full textTuition and product quality are determined in cases where subsidies offset inefficiencies. Lower subsidies imply a tradeoff between access and quality. For all quality levels, social welfare increases in the subsidy whenever tuition exceeds the marginal cost.Tuition Quality Subsidy Welfare
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Challenges Facing “Pay-What-You-Can-Afford” Tuitions at Public Universities
Get PDFPay-What-You-Can-Afford (PWYCA) tuition structures are a suggested way to offset declines in state appropriations to public higher education, without limiting access for qualified low-income students. The concept implements high tuition, high aid tuitions routinely employed at private universities, effectively replacing private endowment income with state appropriations. The idea involves setting resident tuitions at non-resident rates minus the state appropriation per resident, and then using the subsequent incremental tuition revenue to subsidize low-income residents. This fairness-based approach in public higher education ignores: i) how non-resident tuitions are determined; ii) the welfare effects of introducing inefficient distortions in relative demand patterns; and iii) the likely accompanying decline in state appropriations. Here, the tuition-setting rules associated with PWYCA are derived, rather than being imposed, as solutions to a welfare-maximizing model in which non-residents pay fully-allocated costs and state appropriations are endogenous. University of Michigan budget, enrollment, and tuition data are used to illustrate the implications of selecting alternative high tuition, high aid tuition structures. Because demand-side inefficiencies are introduced, both welfare and, importantly, the state appropriation decline with implementation of PWYCA. While the decline in welfare is modest, the redistribution of value among residents, non-residents, and state taxpayers is substantial
Achievably-Efficient Enrollments Using High Tuition-High Aid in Public Higher Education
Get PDFWith public universities tuitions and state appropriations are determined as efficiently as possible (“quasi-efficiently”) to cover fixed costs, an opportunity arises to admit additional low-income students at marginal cost. Using this tuition-appropriation approach, an implementable form of pay-what-you-can-afford tuition policy (PWYCA) can realize fully-efficient enrollments. This construction can be extended to include a standard, often legal, constraint that state appropriations must be used to support reduced resident tuitions. When applied to budget, tuition, enrollment and appropriation data of colleges at Penn State University, this high tuition- high aid policy not only accommodates additional low-cost enrollments but also increases social welfare
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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