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La concessione in italiano: caratteristiche semantiche e sintattiche in testi scritti da giovani
Get PDFLa dissertazione esplora l’espressione semantica e sintattica della concessione in 227 testi scritti in italiano da persone prossime al completamento del secondo ciclo di istruzione (età mediana: 18 anni). I testi sono parte di un corpus più ampio raccolto dal progetto ITACA dell’Istituto di linguistica applicata di Eurac Research, centro che ha finanziato lo studio.
Dopo un’approfondita revisione della letteratura sulla concessione, che evidenzia la complessità di questa categoria linguistica e la scarsità di studi empirici a riguardo per l’italiano contemporaneo, questo studio fornisce innanzitutto una definizione operativa di concessione, considerata sia sul piano semantico-concettuale, come sottocategoria della categoria più ampia del contrasto, sia su quello sintattico-testuale, analizzando la sua espressione non solo tramite subordinazione, ma anche attraverso coordinazione, strutture “pre-concessive” e, sul piano testuale, giustapposizione. Lo studio distingue inoltre diversi mezzi linguistici impiegati per esprimere la relazione concessiva: connettori coordinanti e subordinanti, avverbiali con funzione anaforica e connettivi/segnali discorsivi.
In ambito semantico, si propone inoltre una revisione critica dei sottotipi semantici della concessione descritti da Di Meola (1997, 1998) e Consales (2005), ricondotti principalmente al tipo fattuale teorizzato da Mazzoleni (1990, 2001).
Sul piano empirico, lo studio rappresenta infine il primo tentativo di analisi sistematica corpus-based della concessione in testi scolastici scritti in italiano.
L’analisi ha identificato 457 occorrenze di strutture concessive: esse sono caratterizzate da una maggiore varietà rispetto alle classificazioni nate in seno ad approcci teorici che invece non sono basati su corpora. Emergono, ad esempio, strutture semanticamente ambigue tra concessione fattuale e condizionale, già segnalate in precedenza solo da Pandolfi (2009). Da un punto di vista sintattico-testuale, si rileva poi una tipologia di giustapposizione definita “estesa”, in cui le unità connesse non sono adiacenti ma separate da un segmento testuale, oltre alla possibilità di combinare diversi tipi di strutture, come la preconcessione e la giustapposizione.
Un ulteriore contributo riguarda l’individuazione di “espressioni multi-parola” che fungono da elementi introduttivi della concessione, non descritte finora per quanto concerne l’italiano. Tali espressioni occorrono anche come antecedenti o elementi di ripresa della relazione concessiva, ampliando le descrizioni fornite dagli studi precedenti. Inoltre, nel corpus analizzato si rileva una varietà lessicale più ampia negli elementi di ripresa della concessione rispetto a quanto riportato da Mazzoleni (2001) e dalla grammatica di Serianni (1997). Alcuni di questi elementi non figurano con questa funzione neppure nei principali dizionari (De Mauro, DISC, Vocabolario Treccani).
Nel valutare i risultati, si tiene conto delle caratteristiche peculiari dei testi analizzati: trattandosi di elaborati prodotti da giovani che non hanno ancora una piena padronanza dell’italiano standard scritto, non mancano casi di incoerenza e scarsa coesione testuale, oltre a tracce evidenti dell’influenza della lingua parlata. Ciononostante, tali testi, in quanto esempi di produzione scritta di una generazione nata nei primi anni Duemila, costituiscono una testimonianza preziosa dell’uso della lingua italiana così come viene effettivamente impiegata dalle nuove generazioni, con tutte le sfumature, le tendenze e i cambiamenti in atto.
In conclusione, questo studio fornisce un contributo significativo nell’analisi delle strutture concessive nell’italiano scritto in generale e nell’italiano delle persone studenti in particolare, descrivendo fenomeni utili per il progresso della ricerca linguistica sul tema. Riteniamo non trascurabili nemmeno le sue potenziali applicazioni nell’ambito della riflessione linguistica in classe e, dunque, nella didattica della lingua italiana.This dissertation explores the semantic and syntactic expression of concession in 227 texts written in Italian by individuals in their final year of secondary education (median age: 18 years). The texts are part of a larger corpus collected by the ITACA project at the Institute of Applied Linguistics of Eurac Research, the institution that funded this study.
Following a comprehensive review of the literature on concession, which highlights the complexity of this linguistic category and the scarcity of empirical studies on contemporary Italian, this study first provides an operational definition of concession. This definition considers concession both on the semantic level, as a subcategory of the broader category of contrast, and on the syntactic-textual level, analysing its expression not only through subordination but also through coordination, "pre-concessive" structures, and, at the textual level, juxtaposition. The study further distinguishes various linguistic means employed to express the concessive relation: coordinating and subordinating connectors, adverbials with anaphoric function, and connectives/discourse markers.
In the semantic domain, the study also proposes a critical revision of the semantic subtypes of concession described by Di Meola (1997, 1998) and Consales (2005), primarily relating them to the factual type theorized by Mazzoleni (1990, 2001).
From an empirical perspective, this study represents the first attempt at a systematic corpus-based analysis of concession in Italian scholastic texts.
The analysis identified 457 occurrences of concessive structures, which are characterized by greater variety compared to classifications arising from theoretical approaches that are not corpus-based. For instance, semantically ambiguous structures that blur the line between factual and conditional concession, previously noted only by Pandolfi (2009). From a syntactic-textual perspective, the study identifies a type of 'broad' juxtaposition, in which the connected units are not adjacent but separated by a textual segment, along with the possibility of combining different types of structures, such as “pre-concession” and juxtaposition.
A further contribution concerns the identification of "multi-word expressions" that function as introductory elements of concession, not previously described for Italian. These expressions also occur as antecedents or resumptive elements of the concessive relation, expanding upon descriptions provided by previous studies. Furthermore, the analysed corpus reveals a broader lexical variety in the resumptive elements of concession compared to what is reported by Mazzoleni (2001) and Serianni's grammar (1997). Some of these elements do not appear with this function even in major dictionaries (De Mauro, DISC, Vocabolario Treccani).
In evaluating the results, the peculiar characteristics of the analysed texts are considered: being compositions produced by young people who have not yet achieved full mastery of standard written Italian, cases of inconsistency and weak textual cohesion are frequent, along with evident traces of spoken language influence. Nevertheless, these texts, as examples of written production by a generation born in the early 2000s, constitute valuable evidence of the use of Italian as it is actually employed by new generations, with all the nuances, tendencies, and ongoing changes.
In conclusion, this study provides a significant contribution to the analysis of concessive structures in written Italian in general and in scholastic Italian in particular, describing phenomena useful for advancing linguistic research on this topic. We consider its potential applications in classroom linguistic reflection and, therefore, in Italian language pedagogy to be equally significant
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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