1,721,060 research outputs found
Dietary Patterns and Cancer Risk: An Overview with Focus on Methods
No full textTraditionally, research in nutritional epidemiology has focused on specific foods/food groups or single nutrients in their relation with disease outcomes, including cancer. Dietary pattern analysis have been introduced to examine potential cumulative and interactive effects of individual dietary components of the overall diet, in which foods are consumed in combination. Dietary patterns can be identified by using evidence-based investigator-defined approaches or by using datadriven approaches, which rely on either response independent (also named “a posteriori” dietary patterns) or response
dependent (also named “mixed-type” dietary patterns) multivariate statistical methods. Within the open methodological challenges related to study design, dietary assessment, identification of dietary patterns, confounding phenomena, and cancer risk assessment, the current paper provides an updated landscape review of novel methodological developments in the statistical analysis of a posteriori/mixed-type dietary patterns and cancer risk. The review starts from standard a posteriori dietary patterns from principal component, factor, and cluster analyses, including mixture models, and examines mixed-type dietary patterns from reduced rank regression, partial least squares, classification and regression tree analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Novel statistical approaches reviewed include Bayesian factor analysis with modeling of sparsity through shrinkage and sparse priors and frequentist focused principal component analysis. Most
novelties relate to the reproducibility of dietary patterns across studies where potentialities of the Bayesian approach to factor and cluster analysis work at bes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Are Reproducible Dietary Patterns Consistently Associated With Disease Outcomes or Their Drivers in Italy? A Systematic Review
Full text linkThe strength, direction, and trend of associations between specific diseases and reproducible a posteriori dietary patterns (DPs) based on principal component analysis (PCA) or exploratory factor analysis (EFA) have rarely been investigated across populations. We conducted a systematic review of PCA/EFA-based DPs identified in Italy to explore 2 methodological issues: 1) cross-study reproducibility of Italian DPs; 2) consistency of associations between reproducible DPs and the same/similar disease outcomes/DP drivers/correlates. The systematic review process and findings on DP cross-study reproducibility were published separately. This paper focuses on associations, summarizing the data in figures and tables, with post-hoc criteria for similarity among target variables, statistical methods, and adjustment for confounding. Predefined rules of inference were used to evaluate selected Hill's causal criteria (consistency, strength, and dose–response effects) and draw valid scientific conclusions on the association between PCA/EFA-based DPs and similar/the same target variables. Fifty-two articles, primarily on EFA-based DPs derived from food frequency questionnaires, were included. Regression models were used to explore the relationships between DPs and disease outcomes/DP drivers, aligning with original research questions, study designs, and literature on confounding. When considering similar target variables, 9 groups of reproducible DPs showed >50% statistically significant associations in the same direction across 1–3 groups of target variables, such as socioeconomic characteristics, incidence of chronic diseases, overall/cause-specific mortality, cardiovascular disease risk factors, pregnancy/breastfeeding-related and elderly-related outcomes. Groups targeting dairies/sweets and vegetable sources of fats showed >50% nonsignificant findings across all similar target variables. Overall, 54% of findings were nonsignificant. When considering the same target variable, the median number of DPs per group was equal to 2 (interquartile range: 2–2.5). Together with population comparability issues, this prevented us from reliably performing any meta-analyses. At this stage, valid scientific conclusions cannot be drawn to inform Italian nutritional recommendations. This study was registered at PROSPERO as registration number CRD42022341037
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
