1,720,965 research outputs found
Structural investigations on orotate phosphoribosyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis
No full textAbstractThe Mycobacterium tuberculosis orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (MtOPRT) catalyses the conversion of α-D-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) and orotate (OA) in pyrophosphate and orotidine 5′-monophosphate (OMP), in presence of Mg2+. This enzyme is the only responsible for the synthesis of orotidine 5′-monophosphate, a key precursor in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, making MtOPRT an attractive drug target for the development of antitubercular agents. We report the crystal structures of MtOPRT in complex with PRPP (2.25 Å resolution), inorganic phosphate (1.90 Å resolution) and the exogenous compound Fe(III) dicitrate (2.40 Å resolution). The overall structure of the mycobacterial enzyme is highly similar to those described for other OPRTases, with the “flexible loop” assuming a well define conformation and making specific contacts with the Fe(III)-dicitrate complex. The structures here reported add to the knowledge of a potential drug target for tuberculosis, and will provide a useful tool for the structure-based drug design of potent enzyme inhibitors.</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Biochemical and structural investigations on phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase from Mycobacterium smegmatis.
No full textMycobacterium smegmatis represents one model for studying the biology of its pathogenic relative Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The structural characterization of a M. tuberculosis ortholog protein can serve as a valid tool for the development of molecules active against the M. tuberculosis target. In this context, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of M. smegmatis phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PrsA), the ortholog of M. tuberculosis PrsA, the unique enzyme responsible for the synthesis of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP). PRPP is a key metabolite involved in several biosynthetic pathways including those for histidine, tryptophan, nucleotides and decaprenylphosphoryl-arabinose, an essential precursor for the mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Since M. tuberculosis PrsA has been validated as a drug target for the development of antitubercular agents, the data presented here will add to the knowledge of the mycobacterial enzyme and could contribute to the development of M. tuberculosis PrsA inhibitors of potential pharmacological interest
Crystal structure of a thermophilic O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase-derived self-labeling protein-tag in covalent complex with a fluorescent probe
Full text linkThe self-labeling protein tags are robust and versatile tools for studying different molecular aspects of cell biology. In order to be suitable for a wide spectrum of experimental conditions, it is mandatory that these systems are stable after the fluorescent labeling reaction and do not alter the properties of the fusion partner. SsOGT-H5 is an engineered variant alkylguanine-DNA-alkyl-transferase (OGT) of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus, and it represents an alternative solution to the SNAP-tag® technology under harsh reaction conditions. Here we present the crystal structure of SsOGT-H5 in complex with the fluorescent probe SNAP-Vista Green® (SsOGT-H5-SVG) that reveals the conformation adopted by the protein upon the trans-alkylation reaction with the substrate, which is observed covalently bound to the catalytic cysteine residue. Moreover, we identify the amino acids that contribute to both the overall protein stability in the post-reaction state and the coordination of the fluorescent moiety stretching-out from the protein active site. We gained new insights in the conformational changes possibly occurring to the OGT proteins upon reaction with modified guanine base bearing bulky adducts; indeed, our structural analysis reveals an unprecedented conformation of the active site loop that is likely to trigger protein destabilization and consequent degradation. Interestingly, the SVG moiety plays a key role in restoring the interaction between the N- and C-terminal domains of the protein that is lost following the new conformation adopted by the active site loop in the SsOGT-H5-SVG structure. Molecular dynamics simulations provide further information into the dynamics of SsOGT-H5-SVG structure, highlighting the role of the fluorescent ligand in keeping the protein stable after the trans-alkylation reaction
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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