1,720,968 research outputs found
Competition and regulation in the pharmaceutical industry: An experimental analysis of the impact of regulation and competition between generic and branded drugs
No full textThe End of the Sole-Mover Advantage: An Experiment
No full textWe present an experiment on a price-setting duopoly with symmetric production costs and asymmetric initial market shares. Firms compete for fifteen rounds facing a simulated market demand inertia, with the possibility of incurring into additional fixed marketing/advertising costs in order to offset the inertia effect. We show that subjects either reach a Stackelberg equilibrium and keep pricing differently, either price equally so as to reach a Cournot solution with elements of co-operation, or else the entrant overtakes the incumbent firm (leapfrogging). Finally, we discuss two potential economic applications for the experiment: (1) post-patentexpire competition and (2) liberalization of a former natural monopoly
The Italian Yearbook of International Law
No full textThe mission of the The Italian Yearbook of International Law is to make available to the English speaking public the Italian contribution to the literature and practice of international law. It is fitting with this mission that this Volume XXIV opens with a focus on the controversial Judgment No. 238/2014 of the Italian Constitutional Court on the unconstitutionality of State immunity for international crimes. The five contributions by Francioni, Pisillo Mazzeschi, Bothe, Cataldi, and Palchetti provide a variety of opinions on the timely issue of how traditional doctrines of State immunity may be reconciled with the need to protect victims of international crimes and what kind of alternative forms of protection may be available when immunity prevents access to judicial remedies.
The doctrinal section of the Volume includes also a symposium on new horizons in international environmental law. It discusses the new negotiations on the conservation of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (Scovazzi), the rise of intra-environmental conflicts in the green economy (Montini), equity and benefit-sharing in the Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity (Morgera), EU and US perspectives on climate governance in view of Paris 2015 (Bakker), the challenge of protecting the Arctic environment (Cinelli), and the relevance of environmental protection for the human rights law regime (Petersmann).
The section on Notes and Comments contains contributions on the protection of cultural identities in the Old City of Jerusalem (Bories Fontana-Giusti), on the US litigation concerning Argentina’s sovereign default (Mauro), on the Italian implementation of the Convention on Violence against Women (Staiano), and on the first Italian prosecution of the crime of piracy in the Montecristo case (Bo).
The section on Practice of International Courts and Tribunals provides an analytical overview of the current judicial activities of the ICJ (Amoroso), the ITLOS and other law of the sea jurisdictions (Treves), international and mixed criminal courts and tribunals (Focarelli), the WTO (Sacerdoti), and ICSID (Savarese).
The following part of the Volume continues the tradition of the Italian Yearbook of providing reports on the contemporary Italian practice of international law, including judicial practice (Cataldi and Iovane), diplomatic and parliamentary practice (Gargiulo and Nesi), treaty practice (Altafin and Mancini), and legislation (Acconci).
The remaining part of the Volume contains a bibliographical index of Italian contributions to international law scholarship published in 2014 (Bartolini and Chechi), a book review section edited by Gestri, and an analytical index for easy consultation and reference to materials cited in the Yearbook
The Italian Yearbook of International Law
No full textThis Volume features a focus on the international law issues raised by the fight against piracy, which includes a detailed analysis of the ongoing dispute between Italy and India arising from the Enrica Lexie incident involving the accidental killing of Indian fishermen in an anti-piracy operation (Ronzitti), an assessment of the impact of piracy on the development of the law of the sea (Treves) and a comment on recent Italian legislation authorizing the deployment of anti-piracy armed personnel on merchant vessels, with the attendant risk of escalation of violence and human rights violations. The doctrinal section of the Volume includes also a series of innovative articles on prior exhaustion of local remedies with regard to claims involving the international responsibility of the EU (Vezzani), the role of amici curiae in international adjudication (Crema), heritage protection and its pitfalls (Lixinski), and assisted procreation in a human rights perspective (Pavone).
The Notes and Comments section contains a timely commentary on the constitutional law implications of the enforcement in Italy of the ICJ judgment in Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy) and a note on diplomatic immunities and the rights of domestic workers.
Starting from this Volume, surveys on the activities of courts and tribunals are included in a dedicated section, which is occupied by reports and commentaries on the activities of the ICJ (this year focused on human rights), ITLOS, ICSID and international criminal justice, with a new survey, introduced this year, on the activities of the WTO dispute settlement body edited by Sacerdoti.
The second part of the Volume covers Italian practice in the areas of i) judicial decisions, with special attention given to the judicial decisions implementing the 2012 ICJ judgment in Germany v. Italy; ii) diplomatic and parliamentary practice; iii) treaty and other international agreements practice; and iv) national legislation.
The third part of the Volume includes the bibliographical index of Italian contributions to international law scholarship published in 2012, a book review section (edited by Gestri), and an analytical index for easy consultation and reference to the materials cited in the Yearbook
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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