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Ricerca e giovani psichiatri, tra impegno, difficoltà e passione
No full textSi fornisce una descrizione ed un'analisi critica della situazione dei giovani ricercatori in psichiatria in Italia, approfondendo le difficoltà ma anche le grandi possibilità di questo lavoro nel contesto contemporaneo
Difendere la dignità futura: il testamento cognitivo
No full textdiscussione sulle analogie e specificità del testamento cognitivo e biologico in pazienti con demenz
Futuro e formazione psicosomatica
No full textcosa ci prospetta la psichiatria del futuro e a cosa dobbiamo prepararc
First episode psychosis among migrants in Italy (PEP-Ita Study): preliminary results from Modena.
No full textPurpose. Literature shows that migrants have a higher incidence of psychotic disorders; post-migratory social adversities and discrimination are considered the main environmental risk factors. A recent study of the Bologna Transcultural Psychiatric Team (BoTPT) suggested that psychotic disorders in migrants may have a peculiar psychopathological configuration, characterized by the prevalence of somatic symptoms over positive and negative symptoms. The aim of the present study is to explore the correlation between environmental risk factors and psychopathology in a sample of migrants with a first-episode psychosis.
Methods. Through the PEP-Ita (Primo Episodio Psicotico – Italia) study, an Italian multicentric research project exploring risk factors for first-episode psychosis in a population of first-generation migrants, we recruited 79 patients aged 18-64 between January 2012 and December 2013. Social adversities and perceived discrimination were recorded through the Migration History Questionnaire (MHQ), the Discrimination Interview and the Social Environment Assessment Tool (SEAT). The Association for Methodology and Documentation in Psychiatry (AMDP) system was used to assess the psychopathology: symptoms were pooled into eight psychopathological syndromes (positive, negative, depressive, manic, psychoorganic, obsessive-compulsive, hostility and somatic). T-student test was used to study the correlation between the scores of the eight syndromes and the environmental risk factors.
Results. Among the 79 patients currently recruited in the study, 27 have so far agreed and managed to answer our questionnaires. Those patients who recently perceived discrimination in at least three domains of life reported higher scores in the somatic syndromes (2.5±0.7 vs 0.3±0.8, p=0.056), and so did those who perceived an economic deterioration (2.5±1.7 vs 0.4±0.9, p=0.01) and poor quality of work position (2.1±2.9 vs 0.2±0.6, p=0.043) after the migration process. Those who went through economic troubles had higher scores of positive (22±6.5 vs 12.7±7.6, p=0.025) and somatic (3.2±3.3 vs 0.4±1.3, p=0.003) syndromes, while those who reported family adversities after resettlement showed higher scores of hostility syndrome (10.6±3.7 vs 5.9±4.3, p=0.016).
Discussion. Despite the small size of the current sample we found that, in migrant patients presenting a first-episode psychosis, the perception of discrimination impacted on the somatic dimension of disease, which in a recent study of ours showed to be the main psychopathological dimension of psychotic disorders in migrants. Also the perception of socioeconomic, work and family-related adversities shaped some of the psychopathological dimensions (positive, hostility) underlying psychotic disorders in migrants
I pazienti che hanno tentato il suicidio nell'ospedale generale: il ruolo della consulenza psichiatrica
No full textepidemiologia e modalità operative di gestione clinica di quest'importante problematic
Traduire en italien le recueil poétique "Destinée arbitraire" de Robert Desnos: une approche éthique, critique et théorique
Full text linkIl presente lavoro di ricerca intende colmare una lacuna tuttora riscontrabile nella ricezione in lingua italiana dell'opera poetica dell'autore francese Robert Desnos (Parigi, 1900-1945). Sulla scia della semantica seriale proposta da Henri Meschonnic, della traduzione intesa come opera a tutti gli effetti e non mero compendio all'originale sotto gli auspici di Franco Buffoni e secondo la visione di Lawrence Venuti, con il superamento della pretesa invisibilità del traduttore, abbiamo proposto una prima traduzione integrale in lingua italiana della raccolta poetica postuma Destinée arbitraire (1975), che abbraccia l'intera produzione del poeta, e presenta una sezione dedicata ai poemi in gergo. La traduzione, corredata di un apparato di note, è preceduta da una riflessione teorica sulla traduzione del testo e sulla poetica di Desnos. L'inchiesta condotta nel mondo delle avanguardie d'inizio Novecento si è rivelata necessaria, nella misura in cui l'autore ne rappresenta, a tratti, il fulcro, e offre la sua poesia militante prima all'anti-poesia di matrice surrealista, poi alla lotta dei repubblicani spagnoli e, infine, alla causa della resistenza. L'analisi dell'architettura verbale ha evidenziato alcuni procedimenti compositivi in consonanza con il campo musicale e, in particolare, la nozione di sincope, che l'autore, critico musicale e cinematografico, oltre che d'arte in generale, sfrutta per mantenere viva l'attenzione del lettore ed interrompere una serie di variazioni su uno stesso tema, nonché alcune strutture generative in relazione al principio del parallelismo. Ancora come sovversione del linguaggio vanno letti i défigement e le déproverbialisation che, innestando dei meccanismi di rottura in modelli ritmici consolidati, contribuiscono all'azione di demistificazione delle convenzioni e dei pregiudizi, portata avanti, con coerenza e costante humour, dall'autore, fino alla lotta all'oppressione nazista, che lo vedrà soccombere nel campo di Terezin
Aspetti clinici, epidemiologici e genetici delle diverse forme di trombocitopenie ereditarie
Full text linkThe congenital thrombocytopenias are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by reduced number of platelets and variable clinical manifestations from severe to milder forms of incidental finding. They are divided into: 1) thrombocytopenia defect of megakaryocytic differentiation and maturation 2) MK migration defect from the bone marrow to the vascular niche 3) elongation of the pro-platelets. Then there are the hereditary thrombocytopenias from reduced platelet survival and thrombocytopenias with a still unknown pathogenesis.
Currently, there are now at least 20 genes whose genetic defects determine a phenotype characterized by hereditary thrombocytopenia, but approximately 50% of patients have forms that do not coincide with any known defect. In recent years, there were several forms of hereditary thrombocytopenia associated with the development of hematologic and non-haematological malignancies that have aroused a great interest in researchers; especially the forms associated with mutations of ANKRD26, RUNX1 and ETV6.
Purpose
The purpose of this work is:
1. Build a comprehensive database of patients with inherited thrombocytopenia studied in our laboratory, defining the genetic mutations found.
2.Conduct a preliminary study on the presence of mutations in the 5'UTR of ANKRD26 in patients with sporadic and inherited thrombocytopenia, who did not fit into known forms of inherited thrombocytopenia and who had normal platelet volume (4μm˂MPV˂8μm), establishing the clinical and molecular features of this new form of thrombocytopenia and studying families with inherited mutations in this gene.
3. Enlarge the investigation to two other genes involved in inherited forms of thrombocytopenia with susceptibility to hematological malignancies: RUNX1 and ETV6.
4. Collect and analyze data related to the course of pregnancy in a large cohort of patients with IT forms (inherited thrombocytopenia).
Materials and methods
At the Medical Clinic 1 of the City Hospital-University of Padua complex there exist a series of about 70 family pedigrees of patients with inherited thrombocytopenia from hidden defect.
The assessment includes the clinical history and the study of the expression of surface platelet antigens by flow cytometry method using monoclonal antibodies. To evaluate the platelets morphology, the method of staining with May-Grunwald / Giemsa (MGG) on peripheral blood (macro, micro and normo thrombocytopenia) has been adopted. The DNA was extracted from whole blood and amplified for the study of the following genes: GpIbα, GpIbβ, GPIX, MYH9, ACTN1. The products of the amplification reactions were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis and sequenced with the Sanger method.
We carried out a preliminary study on the presence of mutations in the 5'UTR of ANKRD26 in patients with sporadic and inherited thrombocytopenia, which did not fit into known forms of inherited thrombocytopenia and who had normal platelet volume (4μm˂MPV˂8μm) in order to be able to define the clinical and molecular features.
We then expanded the investigation to RUNX1 and ETV6, two genes involved in hereditary forms of thrombocytopenia with predisposition to blood cancer in thrombocytopenic patients and not (MDS + thrombocytopenia; MDS thrombocytopenia -) belonging to different classes of myelodysplastic syndrome sec. WHO 2008.
Finally, as part of thrombocytopenia family confirmed through genetic investigation, we participated in Pregnancy In Inherited Platelet Abnormalities (PIPA), multicenter retrospective evaluation of 339 pregnancies in 181 women with 13 different forms of thrombocytopenia.
Results
8 families (12%) have mutations in the MYH9, MYH9-related disease, 12 families (19%) have mutations GP1Bα, 4 families (6%) have gene mutations that cause GP1Bβ Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (BSS) mono or biallelic. The remaining families (60%) do not have the genetic mutations in the studied glycoproteins, and no mutation in the ACTN1 gene.
In light of recent studies on the forms of inherited thrombocytopenia characterized in our laboratory, we conducted a preliminary study on the presence of mutations in the 5'UTR of ANKRD26 in patients with sporadic and inherited thrombocytopenia, which did not fit into known forms of inherited thrombocytopenia and showed normal platelet volume (4μm˂MPV˂8μm). We identified two different heterozygous mutations, located in the 5'UTR untranslated region of the gene. Given the interest in the study of hereditary thrombocytopenia associated with the development of hematologic and non-hematological malignancies, in particular of RUNX1 and ETV6 genes, responsible for non-syndromic autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia, we collected preliminarily a small series of myelodysplastic thrombocytopenic subjects (9 subjects), myelodysplastic subjects with platelet counts within the normal range (12 subjects) and 27 control subjects with hereditary undetermined thrombocytopenia; this in order to strengthen the evidence about a possible association between mutations in the mentioned genes, thrombocytopenia and risk myelodysplastic / leukemia evolution. Of these subjects, we collected data on age, sex, karyotype, number of blast cells, hemoglobin and platelets.
Preliminary data (Table 1) show that mutations of RUNX1 ETV6 gene are present only in the group of myelodysplastic thrombocytopenic.
GENE POSITION MUTATION
RUNX-1 EXON 4 c.76C>G
RUNX-1 EXON 8 c.934del A
RUNX-1 EXON 9 c.1214_1215insTG
ETV6 INTRON 1 c.28+192delC
Table 1. Mutations found in RUNX1 and ETV6 genes
Although the involvement of these genes in thrombopoiesis is known, the exact mechanism responsible for thrombocytopenia is not yet clear. The rarity of these diseases makes it difficult to collect relevant data for analysis of genotype-phenotype relation.
In the multicenter study (PIPA) we have classified 23 pregnancies (13 women): 5 women have BBSs, mBSS 3, 4 MYH9-RD, 1 ANKRD26. The average age at diagnosis of thrombocytopenia is 30 years, the average platelet count before giving birth is about 60 x 109 platelets / L, even if in some cases there was a drastic reduction in platelet aggregation. The bleeding tendency is low before birth and only in two pregnancies platelet transfusion is needed. All births took place between the 34th and 40th week; 13 are born by caesarean section and 10 vaginally. Only 9 infants carry the same disease of the mother, although in 6 cases the data is not available because they were not made inquiries about it. We found only one case of neonatal death due to brain hemorrhage, but no cases of bleeding in newborns.
Conclusions
The thrombocytopenia is the most common disorder of hemostasis and is a heterogeneous group of clinical entities. The peculiarity of family forms is the difficulty of clinical identification since they are often classified as immune thrombocytopenia and patients undergoing inappropriate therapy. As reported in the results of recent studies involving a higher number of families, in our work the most common forms of thrombocytopenias family is the BSS, the MYH9-RD followed by ANKRD26.
Thanks to a careful analysis of clinical and genetic investigations associated with recent molecular studies, it is now possible to identify and correctly classify patients with new genetic mutations even though more than 50% of families remain with no diagnosis.
To evaluate the possible mechanisms involved in the development of thrombocytopenia being myelodysplastic syndromes will be essential to study extensively the three categories of patients: thrombocytopenia hereditary with defect of ANKRD26, RUNX-1 and ETV6, myelodysplasia or leukemia with prevailing thrombocytopenia. A larger number of cases of these subjects will allow us to deepen the study of functional mutations defining the clinical and molecular features, in order to evaluate a possible link between myelodysplasia and thrombocytopenia and understand at what level of megakaryopoiesis and hematopoiesis they interven
La fonte nascosta: inventio e dissonanza tra Paulhan, Desnos e Hopper
Full text linkThe article begins with the inherent automatism of the use of common sayings in a wider interpretation in order to clarify some of the most fundamental points of reflexion of Jean Paulhan who was director of the NRF in the middle years of the twentieth century. Furthermore, Henri Meschonnic’s contribution will be taken into account. The following remarks on rhythm which have already been used by Paulhan as well as Dadaists and surrealists lead us to the rediscovery of the intersubjective aspect which, as hidden sources of the base of common sayings, allow us to discuss and revitalize those clichés. This reworking gives the possibility to observe the prejudices and the hidden automatisms in language. The various points which link the hidden source from which common sayings originate, the défigement belonging to the poet Robert Desnos and the canvasses painted by Edward Hopper, will come to light.L’articolo intende partire dal concetto di automatismo insito nel luogo comune, inteso nella sua accezione più ampia, per enucleare alcuni punti fondamentali della riflessione di Jean Paulhan, direttore della NRF negli anni centrali del Novecento, anche alla luce del contributo di Henri Meschonnic in relazione al proverbio in quanto atto linguistico caratterizzato da ri-enunciabilità. Le considerazioni sul ritmo che ne conseguono, già sfruttate dalle sperimentazioni linguistiche di Paulhan e da dadaisti e surrealisti, vanno nella direzione di riscoprire il côté intersoggettivo che, quale fonte nascosta alla base del luogo comune, permette anche di mettere in discussione e rivitalizzare i cliché stessi. Rielaborazione che funziona da specola nei confronti dei pregiudizi e degli automatismi nascosti nel linguaggio. Verranno così evidenziati i punti di contatto tra la fonte nascosta che sostanzia il luogo comune, il défigement operato da Robert Desnos e le tele di Edward Hopper
Study of a System for Direct Measurement of Internal Stress in Wood During Drying
No full textThe document describes the research activity finalized to the development of a system for the measurement of stress which develops in wood during drying. Stress control is important because during drying stress phenomena can cause serious qualitative damages to wood. The idea of the this study was to create a device for mesuring stress in wood during drying with the final aim of using it in the industrial optimization of the drying process.Il documento descrive l'attività di ricerca finalizzata alla determinazione delle tensioni che si sviluppano nel legno durante la essiccazione. Il controllo di tali tensioni riveste notevole importanza nell'ambito della tecnologia del legno, perchè esse possono essere responsabili di notevole degrado qualitativo del materiale essiccato. L'attività svolta si è concentata sullo sviluppo di un sensore di pressione finalizzato alla misura diretta di tali tensioni. L'idea finale è stata quella di inserire tale dispositivo nei controlli industriali automatici di processo per ottimizzare l'essiccazione stessa
Les défis de la traduction littéraire contemporaine. État présent des études et pistes de réflexion
No full textThis article proposes to consider, within the framework of a reflection on the «untranslatables», an approach to the activity of translation in an ethical way while dispelling certain prejudices which risk to condition the work of the translator, sometimes going so far as to undermine the possibility of translation. Taking as a starting point the problem raised by texts which, in a programmatic way, reveal their intertextual stratification and arouse in the reader a feeling of strangeness, we will first question ourselves on the nature of the translation process. The analysis will thus shed light on the multiple ethical implications of demystifying the taboos that recur in the field of translation. A perspective that revives the meaning of the ancient Greek concept of ἀλήθεια. Then, going beyond the supposed invisibility of the translator, we will observe how the issue can shift from loyalty to the word to loyalty to the text. In the wake of, among others, Henri Meschonnic, we will finally see that a translation must be attentive not only to the meaning, but also to the creation of a coherent and dense network whose effect on readers should be similar to the one generated by the source text
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