1,721,045 research outputs found
Arithmetic with Language Models: from Memorization to Computation
Full text linkA better understanding of the emergent computation and problem-solving capabilities of recent large language models is of paramount importance to further improve them and broaden their applicability. This work investigates how a language model, trained to predict the next token, can perform arithmetic computations generalizing beyond training data. Binary addition and multiplication constitute a good testbed for this purpose, since they require a very small vocabulary and exhibit relevant input/output discontinuities making smooth input interpolation ineffective for novel data. We successfully trained a light language model to learn these tasks and ran a number of experiments to investigate the extrapolation capabilities and internal information processing. Our findings support the hypothesis that the language model works as an Encoding-Regression-Decoding machine where the computation takes place in the value space once the input token representation is mapped to an appropriate internal representation.The article has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Neural Networks journal. The final version is available on the Elsevier ScienceDirect platfor
On the Feasibility of Creating Double-Identity Fingerprints
Full text linkA double-identity fingerprint is a fake fingerprint created by combining features from two different fingers, so that it has a high chance to be falsely matched with fingerprints from both fingers. This paper studies the feasibility of creating double-identity fingerprints by proposing two possible techniques and evaluating to what extent they may be used to fool the state-of-the-art fingerprint recognition systems. The results of systematic experiments suggest that existing algorithms are highly vulnerable to this specific attack (about 90% chance of success at FAR = 0.1%) and that the fingerprint patterns generated might be realistic enough to fool human examiners
Payload for assessing aging of electronic components under high flux radiation in the Van Allen Belts.
No full textThe hardware for a scientific payload to be flown on a satellite was developed, aimeing to investigate aging of electronic components under high-flux radiation. The components under investigation are: microcontrollers, a gyroscopes, and triple-junction solar cells. It consists of pairs of components, kept with different level of protection against the harsh environment, as found in the Van Allen belts. In each pair one device is highly protected against radiation by means of screens based on well established materials and design rules. Otherwise, the twins of these components are directly exposed to the environment. The behaviour of both is monitored by observing their capability to perform basic operations as well as their power absorption. In addition to characterizatin of aging of the components under test, the experiments will provide interesting information about effectiveness of different screening techniques
On the use of the Kinect sensor for human identification in smart environments
No full textThis work is framed into the context of ambient intelligence applications, a general definition which usually refers to applications aimed at embedding technology in the environment and enriching it with the capability of recognizing people and adapting itself to user specific needs and preferences. One basic requirement for this kind of applications is unobtrusiveness: user recognition and environment personalization should not be perceived by the user, performed while he/she performs normal daily activities. Biometric recognition is particularly suited for this kind of applications, provided that suitable charac-teristics are exploited. The aim of this paper is to evaluate, in this application scenario, the possibility of performing automatic person identification using data collected by the Kinect sensor. In particular, starting from a sequence of frames, face and anthropometric measurements are considered for recognition of individuals. Extensive experiments show the feasibility of such technology for ambient intelligence applications
Differential Morphing Attack Detection via Triplet-Based Metric Learning and Artifact Extraction
No full textOn the Impact of Face Image Quality on Morphing Attack Detection
Full text linkThe morphing attack is widely acknowledged as an important security threat to face recognition systems in the context of electronic machine readable travel documents and several possible countermeasures have been recently proposed. Among the existing solutions, differential Morphing Attack Detection (MAD) algorithms, based on the comparison of the document image (possibly morphed) and a trusted live capture, proved to be quite effective and robust in detecting this kind of attack. However, deploying such solutions in a real-world operational scenario requires the capability of dealing with images of variable quality in terms of illumination, pose, focus, etc. This paper analyzes the impact of face image quality on MAD performance through an extensive image quality assessment, carried out on a large and realistic operational dataset using different state-of-the-art algorithms, thus providing useful insights for the development of more robust MAD systems
An Approach for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Satellite Photovoltaic Arrays
No full textA technique for managing power generation in a spacecraft power bus is introduced. The proposed technique is based on a sectional MPPT approach, where the solar array is split into several sections, interfaced to the power bus by dedicated Array Power Regulators. The dc-dc converter inside each of them is enslaved to a multimode controller, capable of selecting either MMPT or regulation mode or standby. The operating mode is managed in such a way that the rough regulation is achieved by sequentially increasing/decreasing the number of converters in MPPT according to the fluctuations of the power absorption on the bus, while the fine regulation is performed by a single converter in the regulation mode. Some possible configurations of the system are analyzed. Simulations of the algorithm and experimental results are provided
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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