1,720,984 research outputs found
Applications of deep learning in periodontal disease diagnosis and management: a systematic review and critical appraisal
No full textBackground: Periodontal disease remains a significant global health challenge, with traditional diagnostic methods often limited by subjectivity and time constraints. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning technologies have shown promise in various medical applications, potentially offering more objective and efficient approaches to periodontal diagnosis and management. This systematic review aimed to synthesize and critically evaluate the current body of evidence regarding the application of deep learning methodologies in the diagnosis and management of periodontal disease, with a focus on their potential to enhance clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore databases, encompassing studies published between January 1, 2010, and March 31, 2024. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies that employed deep learning techniques for periodontal disease diagnosis, risk assessment, treatment planning, or prognosis prediction. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Results: The search yielded thirteen studies that met the predefined inclusion criteria. Deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and hybrid architectures, demonstrated promising performance in the radiographic diagnosis and staging of periodontitis. Accuracies ranged from 73.0% to 98.6%, depending on the specific task and model architecture. Notably, a CNN-based model achieved 81.0% accuracy for premolars and 76.7% for molars in diagnosing periodontally compromised teeth (PCT). A hybrid framework combining deep learning for detection and conventional computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) processing for classification demonstrated high accuracy (dice coefficient of 0.93 for periodontal bone level detection) and excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.91 with radiologists) in automatically diagnosing periodontal bone loss and staging periodontitis. Model performance exhibited variability contingent upon tooth position, with higher accuracy generally observed for premolars and canines compared to molars and incisors. The integration of clinical data with imaging analysis showed potential for improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning. However, challenges in generalizability across different populations and imaging centers were identified, highlighting the need for diverse training datasets and consideration of factors such as dental status in model development. Conclusions: Deep learning methodologies show significant promise in enhancing the diagnosis and management of periodontal disease. However, further research is needed to address challenges in generalizability, integrate diverse data types, and validate these models across various clinical settings to ensure their robustness and applicability in real-world scenarios
Cross-Population Analysis of Sjögren’s Syndrome Polygenic Risk Scores and Disease Prevalence: A Pilot Study
No full textBackground: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have emerged as promising tools for disease risk stratification. However, their validity across different populations remains unclear, particularly for autoimmune diseases, where environmental factors may play crucial roles. Methods: We calculated the population-level PRS for Sjögren’s syndrome using seven validated genetic variants (PGS001308) and allele frequency data from the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 for five European populations (CEU, TSI, FIN, GBR, and IBS). PRS values were correlated with published prevalence estimates from a systematic literature review. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s correlation and sensitivity analyses. Results: PRS values varied across European populations, ranging from 0.317 in the Spanish population to 0.370 in the Northern European population. A non-significant negative trend was observed between population PRS and Sjögren’s syndrome prevalence (r = −0.407, R2 = 0.166). Italy showed the lowest genetic risk score (TSI: 0.349) but the highest disease prevalence (58.2 per 100,000), while Northern European populations demonstrated a higher PRS but lower prevalence. Conclusions: No significant correlation was found between genetic risk scores and disease prevalence in this limited sample of five European populations. Larger studies are needed to clarify the relationship between polygenic risk and disease prevalence
Genetic polymorphisms associated with periodontitis in Japanese populations: A comprehensive review of pathways, interactions, and clinical implications
No full textPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting structures of teeth, with increasing evidence supporting a significant genetic component in disease susceptibility. This comprehensive review evaluated the associations between genetic polymorphisms and periodontitis in Japanese populations. This narrative review synthesizes available evidence without employing meta-analytical methods. Analysis of relevant studies revealed population-specific genetic architecture, with patterns that suggest possible differences from those observed in Western populations. Significant associations were identified for Japanese populations in immune-related genes (*IL1RN* VNTR: OR 3.40 in G-EOP; *IL1B* -511: OR 1.72 in chronic periodontitis), immunoreceptors (*FCGR3A*-158 V: OR 2.03 in severe chronic periodontitis), tissue remodeling genes (*MMP1* -1607 1G/2G: OR 1.95 in chronic periodontitis), and vitamin D pathway genes (*VDR* +1056 T/C: OR 2.45 in chronic periodontitis). Novel genetic associations with exceptionally strong effect sizes were identified with *ADGRG6* (formerly GPR126) (rs536714306: OR 9.09), *MAEA* (rs6815464: OR 3.73), and *CSF1* genes, expanding our understanding beyond traditional inflammatory pathways. Gene-gene interactions, particularly between *VDR* and *FCGR3B* polymorphisms (composite genotype: OR 5.93), demonstrated substantially stronger associations with periodontitis than individual polymorphisms alone. Protective genetic variants, including *FCGR3B*-NA1 allotype in elderly individuals and *IL1B* rs16944 GA genotype, highlight the concept of genetic resilience. Genetic associations differ markedly between aggressive and chronic forms of periodontitis, with stronger associations typically observed in aggressive/early-onset disease. These findings may contribute to improved risk assessment strategies and personalized approaches to periodontitis prevention and treatment in Japanese individuals, emphasizing the importance of population-specific genetic profiling in periodontal medicine
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
