34 research outputs found
Building back better: The COVID-19 pandemic and transport policy implications for a developing megacity
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected human mobility via lockdowns, social distancing rules, home quarantines, and the full or partial suspension of transportation. Evidence-based policy recommendations are urgently needed to ensure that transport systems have resilience to future pandemic outbreaks, particularly within Global South megacities where demand for public transport is high and reduced access can exacerbate socio-economic inequalities. This study focuses on Metro Manila – a characteristic megacity that experienced one of the most stringent lockdowns worldwide. It analyzes aggregated cell phone and GPS data from Google and Apple that provide a comprehensive representation of mobility behavior before and during the lockdown. While significant decreases are observed for all transport modes, public transport experienced the largest drop (−74.5 %, on average). The study demonstrates that: (i) those most reliant on public transport were disproportionately affected by lockdowns; (ii) public transport was unable to fulfil its role as public service; and, (iii) this drove a paradigm shift towards active mobility. Moving forwards, in the short-term policymakers must promote active mobility and prioritize public transport to reduce unequal access to transport. Longer-term, policymakers must leverage the increased active transport to encourage modal shift via infrastructure investment, and better utilize big data to support decision-making
Accounting for all the consequences of roadworks and streetworks design options:A scoping review
Get PDFRoadworks and streetworks produce diverse impacts including traffic delay, safety risks, vehicle emissions, business disruption, and effects on community wellbeing, yet these consequences are rarely examined together. This scoping review synthesises 63 peer-reviewed studies published between 1955 and 2025, identified through PRISMA-ScR procedures from an initial pool of 240 articles and organised using the PICO framework. Fifteen impact types were identified, demonstrating substantial thematic breadth and highlighting the diverse methodological traditions that have shaped the field, while also indicating clear opportunities for greater integration across impact domains. Traffic performance, delay modelling, and life-cycle emissions dominate the literature, reflecting the prevalence of engineering-driven quantitative methods, while social, governance, ecological, accessibility, and vulnerable-user impacts remain sparsely analysed. Only seven studies assessed more than two domains concurrently, and none implemented a total impact assessment. Mapping of analysis types, data requirements, and software tools shows strong domain-specific silos that impede holistic evaluation. These findings highlight the need for integrative frameworks, motivating the conceptual foundation for an All-Consequences Calculator (ACC) for roadworks and streetworks to underpin multi-domain decision support. Moreover, the findings for streetworks (a prime example of shallow underground space engineering that intensely impacts on social and environmental systems) reported herein extend to all urban tunnelling and underground space construction
The role of attachment in adult mental health difficulties following the experience of childhood abuse
No full textChild abuse is recognised to contribute to the development of adult mental health problems and personality disorders. The role of attachment in this relationship is widely acknowledged, but not well understood. A systematic review of the literature investigated studies considering the role of adult attachment in symptoms of PTSD in populations which had experienced child abuse. Different attachment styles, particularly ‘negative model of self’ were shown to be associated with PTSD. Moderating and mediating roles of attachment was observed across some, but not all studies. The influence of different forms of abuse and attachment figures were observed and discussed with relation to limitations of studies and clinical implications.Prevalence rates of child abuse, mental health difficulties, personality disorders and emotion dysregulation are high in the homeless population. Although associated with these factors, the relationship with attachment has not been researched. The empirical paper used a cross sectional design to investigate the presence of personality constructs associated with self-control, and, the role of attachment with these factors. Ninety-one participants completed self-report measures, identifying high levels of ego under-control and ego-resiliency. Results showed significant correlations across the majority of variables. Bootstrapping methodology suggested anxious attachment mediated the relationship between child abuse and emotion dysregulation. Further analysis showed emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between anxious and avoidant attachment, and, self-control. These findings provide further support for the role of attachment in mental health problems and personality disorders, and, previous research recognising the importance of individual factors influencing the experience of being homelessness
Enhancing power distribution network operational resilience to extreme wind events
Get PDFAbstract Extreme weather events can cause significant damage to power distribution network infrastructure, often resulting in power outages. Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) are faced with the challenging task of responding to these outages in real time while maintaining a resilient grid. Our paper presents an innovative approach to alert operators about the potential risk associated with upcoming extreme weather through a normalized fragility curve. The uniqueness of the curve is the ability to capture regional differences across a DNO's territory while presenting operators with a means of setting unified risk thresholds. This can support a proactive response and allow the staging of necessary resources to minimize the threat posed by such events. Our approach captures the changes in failure probability associated with differing wind regimes and demonstrates the benefit of sub‐regional meteorological information. The proposed approach is demonstrated for wind events using 20 years of historical fault records from a DNO in the United Kingdom (UK). While its efficacy is demonstrated for windstorms in the UK, the approach could be applied globally to develop normalized fragility curves for other types of seasonal extreme weather events such as snowstorms, hurricanes, or linked hazards such as wildfires. The approach can also facilitate an understanding of how infrastructure may operate under future climate conditions, supporting proactive adaptation
The Effect of a Dairy-Based Recovery Beverage on Post-Exercise Appetite and Energy Intake in Active Females
Get PDFThis study was designed to assess the effect of a dairy-based recovery beverage on post-exercise appetite and energy intake in active females. Thirteen active females completed 3 trials in a crossover design. Participants completed 60 min of cycling at 65% V̇O2peak, before a 120 min recovery period. On completion of cycling, participants consumed a commercially available dairy-based beverage (DBB), a commercially available carbohydrate beverage (CHO), or a water control (H2O). Non-esterified fatty acids, glucose and appetite-related peptides alongside measures of subjective appetite were sampled at baseline and at 30 min intervals during recovery. At 120 min, energy intake was assessed in the laboratory by ad libitum assessment, and in the free-living environment by weighed food record for the remainder of the study day. Energy intake at the ad libitum lunch was lower after DBB compared to H2O (4.43 ± 0.20, 5.58 ± 0.41 MJ respectively; P = .046; [95% CI: -2.28, -0.20 MJ]), but was not different to CHO (5.21 ± 0.46 MJ), with no difference between trials thereafter. Insulin and GLP-17-36 were higher following DBB compared to H2O (P = .015 and P = .001, respectively) but not to CHO (P = 1.00 and P = .146, respectively). In addition, glucagon was higher following DBB compared to CHO (P = .008) but not to H20 (P = .074). The results demonstrate that where DBB consumption may manifest in accelerated recovery, this may be possible without significantly affecting total energy intake and subsequent appetite-related responses relative to a CHO beverage
New technology and women's employment, Notes on a debate. Social Change and Technology in Europe Information Bulletin No 5, March 1982
Get PDFGender studies approaches to the relationships between religion and development
Get PDFThe first part of this literature review introduces the main concepts and theoretical frameworks underpinning a gender-based approach to development. Mainstream work in the area of 'gender and development' is primarily concerned with issues such as the social differences between men and women, the economic marginalisation of women, or violence against women as a product of gender bias. However, studies in this field have not, on the whole, taken the impact of religious values, beliefs and organisations upon gender relations seriously. 'Gender and development' discourse is typically both materialist and secularist. Religion is often cited as an impediment to women's access to employment, healthcare or education, but the dynamics of this interaction are less often the research focus. It is argued that in the mainstream development literature there is a failure to engage with the ways in which some feminists across the globe seek to transform their traditions as a source of empowerment, as well as a lack of interest in the ways in which religion can inform alternative, sometimes more culturally appropriate, understandings of development. The second part of this review discusses research that is concerned with the impact of religion upon the types of concerns that form the content of gender-development debates
Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
Get PDFMultiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
A Discourse Analytical study that explores the discursive constructions of therapeutic practice within educational psychology
Get PDFThis Discourse Analytical (DA) study explores the discursive
constructions of therapeutic practice within educational psychology. These constructions are taken from the perspective of fifteen Educational Psychologists (EPs) who are new to the profession. Drawing on data from four focus groups, comprising of three to four participants, I used Discursive Psychology (DP) to analyse the psychological themes emerging from participant talk.
My analysis indicated that five interpretative repertoires were used to talk about therapeutic EP work. These included: ‘therapeutic-asskilled’,‘therapeutic-as-eclectic’, ‘therapeutic-as-threatening’,‘therapeutic-as-limited’ and ‘therapeutic-as-emerging’. A number of discursive devices such as disclaiming, excusing and blaming were also used. Participants were able to take up varying subject positions in relation to therapeutic practice, presenting themselves as both passive and active agents. When talking about therapeutic work participants positioned themselves as confused, reluctant and unconfident; as well as valuable, skilled and motivated
practitioners.
I concluded that the relational aspects of therapeutic EP practice are as important as the technical aids or tools used to facilitate this type of work. I have suggested that the uncertainty that exists around therapeutic work might reflect the uncertainty of participants’ emerging EP identity. My research indicates that EPs, who are new to profession, have the sufficient agency to negotiate therapeutic practices with educational psychology. However, this will require further investment from leaders within the profession
Moving between worlds : gender, class, politics, sexuality and women's networks in the diaries of Anne Lister of Shibden Hall, Halifax, Yorkshire, 1830-1840.
Get PDFSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN003174 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
