1,720,993 research outputs found
Valutazione della modulazione della risposta immunitaria e dello stress ossidativo in esemplari di Sparus aurata esposti sperimentalmente alle microplastiche
No full textNegli ultimi 15 anni è progressivamente aumentato il grado di attenzione sull’inquinamento da MP alle quali è strettamente associato un grave rischio per l’ecosistema marino, la salute animale ed umana (Barboza et al., 2018; Sharma and Chatterjee, 2017). Il Mar Mediterraneo, a causa di severe pressioni antropiche, è tra i maggiori reservoir di MP galleggianti del mondo (Lebreton et al., 2012; Cincinelli et al., 2019). Gli animali acquatici ingeriscono le MP direttamente, perché confuse con le prede, o passivamente, attraverso filtrazione dell’acqua (Barboza et al., 2018). Mediante il sistema circolatorio, le MP nei pesci raggiungono i tessuti ed a livello cellulare possono provocare effetti negativi quali lesioni di natura meccanica (Wright et al., 2013) oltre a fungere da vettori di inquinanti chimici (Pedà et al., 2016). L’esposizione alle MP negli animali marini può interferire con i fisiologici processi digestivi implicando una riduzione nell’assunzione di cibo e nell’assimilazione di energia (Besseling et al., 2013) e causando alterazioni istopatologiche a livello intestinale ed epatico (Pedà et al., 2016). La pericolosità delle MP deriva anche dalla presenza di additivi aggiunti intenzionalmente durante la fase di produzione dei materiali plastici nonché dalla presenza di monomeri residui, in particolare il PS, presente nella maggior parte dei detriti plastici (Andrady, 2017).
Ad oggi non sono stati ancora condotti studi finalizzati ad indagare gli effetti dell’esposizione alle MP sull’immunità innata e sullo stress ossidativo a livello intestinale nei pesci ed in particolare in esemplari di S. aurata, specie scelta quale modello sperimentale, di grande interesse commerciale ed oggetto di allevamento in molti Paesi Mediterranei (Basurco et al., 2011). Degno di attenzione è il ruolo delle MP quali vettori di batteri patogeni (Vibrio spp., Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Bacillus cereus ed Aeromonas salmonicida) oltre che di contaminanti ambientali ad azione immunosoppressiva quali i composti bifenilipoliclorurati (PCB) (Barboza et al., 2018). L’esposizione alle MP potrebbe alterare lo stato fisico ed il benessere dei pesci comportando, direttamente ed indirettamente, un incremento del rischio per la salute animale ed umana. Pertanto, la proposta progettuale di valutazione della risposta immunitaria, dello stress ossidativo e dello stato sanitario di pesci esposti a “contaminanti emergenti” quali le MP ha una notevole rilevanza dal punto di vista sanitario ed ecologico
Gli studi professionali a livello regionale e provinciale. Consistenza ed evoluzioni in corso
No full textIl presente capitolo analizza gli studi professionali e livello regionale e provinciale, sulla base di una ricerca costituita dalla raccolta di dati e analisi di rapporti e studi. Il lavoro mostra la consistenza degli studi professionali della Regione Emilia-Romagna e della provincia di Ferrara a confronto con quella di altre regioni e province del territorio nazionale. Inoltre, considerato che dalla quarta rivoluzione industriale ne consegue una profonda e costante trasformazione dell'economia, il lavoro mette in evidenza l'evoluzione attuale e prospettica delle Libere Professioni, soffermandosi sull'adattamento tecnologico in corso da parte degli studi professionali della provincia di Ferrara
Occurrence of bisphenol A in the milk chain: A monitoring model for risk assessment at a dairy company
No full textBisphenol A (BPA) as a chemical hazard may enter the milk chain during primary production at the farm and, successively, during milk processing at a dairy company. To identify the potential pathways that play a role in the occurrence of BPA, a monitoring model for risk assessment based on the identification of the hazards at each stage of milk processing was investigated. Milk samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Quantifiable levels were detected in samples obtained from the raw milk storage tank, pasteurized milk from the storage tank, and packaged milk. The highest BPA contamination levels were detected in raw milk from the storage tank (mean 0.265 μg/L). Despite the fact that dietary exposure levels were below the temporary daily intake, BPA may have adverse effects, particularly for vulnerable population groups. New monitoring programs involving each stage of milk processing should therefore be applied
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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