108 research outputs found
Does the Identity of Leaders Matter for Education? Evidence from the First Black Governor in the US
No full textCan role models from the same group enhance educational outcomes of disadvantaged minority students? We analyze the election of Douglas Wilder in Virginia in 1989, who was the first African American to serve as governor in the US. Results from two difference-in-differences estimations demonstrate increased educational attainment among Blacks in Virginia after that election. Additional survey evidence points to an increase in Black youths' aspirations as one of the mechanisms explaining this effect. Our findings thus suggest that increasing exposure to Black politicians in high-stakes positions might contribute to narrowing the White-Black gap in education in the U.S.<br/
Global Income Poverty Measurement with Preference Heterogeneity:Theory and Application
No full textThere is growing support for using global income poverty measures that account for both own income and relative income. The World Bank has adopted a global line that depends on both. Unfortunately, with preference heterogeneity over own and relative income, the standard poverty indices are not necessarily reduced when a poor individual escapes poverty. We develop a theory of global poverty measurement with preference heterogeneity. Surprisingly, a simple modification of the headcount ratio encapsulates the main features of our theory, in contrast to all of the standard indices. Notably, our proposed index decreases if a poor individual escapes poverty when her income rises above the absolute line. This alternative index is ready to use, as it does not require eliciting preferences. For the period 1999-2015, our proposed index implies a global poverty reduction that is 50% higher than the current estimates based on the headcount ratio
The thrie tailes of the thrie priests of Peblis [electronic resource] : Contayning manie notabill examples and sentences, and (that the paper should not be voide) supply it with sundrie merie tailes, verie pleasant to the reider, and mair exactlie corrected than the former impression.
No full textSignatures: A-Ep4s[-E4].Attributed to John Rolland in Lowndes' Bibliographer's manual and the British Museum Catalogue.Printer's device (McKerrow 307) on title page.At bottom of title page: Cum privilegio regali."The text of "Thrie priests of Peblis" is printed on the inner two-thirds of each leaf; parallel to it, printed on the outer one-third of each leaf, is a text entitled "Mery tailes". This consists of 47 of "A C. mery tayles", moral tag lines omitted, selected from an undated edition described in Shakespeare jest-bookes, ed. by W. Carew Hazlitt, v. 1 (1864)."--DFo.Leaves B1, E2 and E3 lacking; replaced with handwritten leaves.Print faded; pages stained and torn.Reproduction of original in the Bodleian Library.STC (2nd ed.)Electronic reproduction
Global income poverty measurement with preference heterogeneity:Theory and application
No full textThere is growing support for monitoring global poverty using a measure that accounts for both own and relative income. We show how – in the context of heterogeneous preferences over these factors – the well-known conflict between fairness and welfare-consistency can be resolved, providing the first preference-based foundation for both the established societal global poverty line and the recently proposed hierarchical poverty indices. We reformulate one hierarchical index as a modified headcount ratio. Unlike all classic poverty indices, this index is necessarily reduced when an individual escapes poverty. Our empirical illustration highlights that our proposed index substantially changes the assessment of global poverty reduction.</p
Relación entre comercio, mercado laboral y pobreza. Una revisión de los principales aportes
No full textDuring the last decades, there has been a process of intense changes in the global trade integration. Uruguay has not been outside of these changes, particularly from the 1990s. The impact evaluation of trade on labor market outcomes, poverty and income distribution is a relatively recent research field, and especially for Uruguay. In this study we sintetize the main theoretical approaches used to analyze those links, distinguishing the direct and indirect effect of trade, as well as the metodological alternatives commonly applied. Moreover, even though this review does not pretend to be exhaustive, we summarize the obtained results in several studies in Latin American and in particular for Uruguay, with the aim of detecting possible future research lines. In general terms, we find that the results are not consistent with respect to the impact of trade opennes on wage gap and poverty. This result is not specific of the Uruguayan case, since internationally there is not consensus either. In this sense, to study those links for an specific sector or on trade with a particular economy (under a FTA) would allow to understand better the impacts of openess.trade openness, poverty, income distribution
Essays on income, education and intra-household poverty and inequality
No full textThis thesis speaks to the broad literature studying poverty and inequality issues. It presents novel contributions within these fields, ranging from developments on poverty measurement to determinants of inequality that have been overlooked in the past. In Chapter 1, jointly with Véronique Gille, we focus on an unexplored mechanism to explain the race gap in education in the US. Specifically, we evaluate the effect of the election of the first black state governor in the history of the US, who took power in Virginia in 1990, on educational outcomes of black students from the same state. We find a sizeable increase in the probability of getting a high school diploma for black students in Virginia relative to Whites and other states, which cannot be fully explained by policy changes. In Chapter 2, jointly with Benoit Decerf, we study income poverty under unequal growth using a family of measures that balances absolute and relative poverty by the use of a weight parameter. We develop new theoretical results to estimate the degree of robustness of poverty evaluations to this weight parameter. We apply these developments to study poverty under unequal growth in the US and find two main results. First, our measure concludes that poverty has decreased over the most recent period of unequal growth, in line with the official absolute measure. Second, poverty judgments are largely robust to the choice of the weight parameter. Finally, Chapter 3 evaluates how the individual valuation of goods that are jointly consumed within a household can affect poverty and inequality. I use consumer data to estimate the marginal willingness to pay for joint consumption by gender within Belgian couples. My findings indicate that women get less utility from public goods than men. This implies that consumption inequality and in particular female poverty are larger than when we ignore these differences in the individual valuation of joint consumption.(ECGE - Sciences économiques et de gestion) -- UCL, 201
Relación entre comercio, mercado laboral y pobreza. Una revisión de los principales aportes
No full textDuring the last decades, there has been a process of intense changes in the global trade integration. Uruguay has not been outside of these changes, particularly from the 1990s. The impact evaluation of trade on labor market outcomes, poverty and income distribution is a relatively recent research field, and especially for Uruguay. In this study we sintetize the main theoretical approaches used to analyze those links, distinguishing the direct and indirect effect of trade, as well as the metodological alternatives commonly applied. Moreover, even though this review does not pretend to be exhaustive, we summarize the obtained results in several studies in Latin American and in particular for Uruguay, with the aim of detecting possible future research lines. In general terms, we find that the results are not consistent with respect to the impact of trade opennes on wage gap and poverty. This result is not specific of the Uruguayan case, since internationally there is not consensus either. In this sense, to study those links for an specific sector or on trade with a particular economy (under a FTA) would allow to understand better the impacts of openess. Durante las últimas décadas, hemos asistido a un proceso de cambios de gran intensidad en la integración comercial mundial al que Uruguay no ha sido ajeno, particularmente desde la década de los 90. El estudio del impacto del comercio sobre las variables del mercado laboral, la pobreza y la distribución del ingreso es una línea de investigación relativamente reciente a nivel internacional, y en especial para Uruguay. En el presente trabajo se sintetizan los principales abordajes teóricos utilizados en el análisis de dichas relaciones destacando los efectos directos e indirectos del comercio, así como las alternativas metodológicas empleadas. A su vez, si bien la revisión no pretende ser exhaustiva, se resumen los resultados obtenidos en diversos estudios sobre América Latina y en particular sobre Uruguay, con el objetivo de detectar posibles líneas de investigación futuras. En términos generales, se encuentra que los resultados no son consistentes en cuanto al grado en que la brecha salarial y la pobreza se explican por la apertura comercial, aunque este resultado no es específico del caso uruguayo, ya que a nivel internacional tampoco existe consenso. En este sentido, estudiar dichas relaciones para un sector específico o sobre el comercio con alguna economía en particular (en el marco de un TLC) permitiría desgranar de mejor forma los efectos de la apertura.trade openness, poverty, income distribution
Mery-Maat, an Eighteenth Dynasty iry ‘3 n pr ptḥ from Memphis and His Hypothetical Family
No full text The article publishes for the first time the stela Cairo JE 27947. The stela is Memphite in origin and can be dated to the reign of Amenhotep III on iconographical, stylistic, epigraphical, and palaeographical grounds. It commemorates the guardian of the gate of the estate of Ptah, Mery-Maat, and the chief servant Ibeby, presumably his son. The publication is an addition to the corpus of reliefs from the New Kingdom necropolis at Saqqara. It reconstructs three successive generations of an unknown Memphite family, of which at least two members occupied administrative positions in the Memphite temple of Ptah during the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The stela is especially important as it gives two late Eighteenth Dynasty instances of the title iry-‘3 n pr Ptḥ, otherwise attested solely for the Late Period on stelae from the Serapeum of Saqqara dating to the Twenty-Second and Twenty-Sixth Dynasties. Hence, it demonstrates that the economic and administrative importance of the Memphite temple of Ptah did not newly evolve during the Late Period, but that it enjoyed a long-term development that can be traced back to the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The author describes the stela, addresses its artistic significance and discusses the relationship of its individuals and the titles assigned to them. </jats:p
Does the identity of leaders matter for education? Evidence from the first black governor in the US
No full textCan role models from the same group enhance educational outcomes of disadvantaged minority students? We analyze the election of Douglas Wilder in Virginia in 1989, who was the first Black American to serve as governor in the US. Results from a triple difference and an event-study approach demonstrate increased educational attainment among Black individuals in Virginia after the election. Using an original survey and secondary data, we provide suggestive evidence that a role model effect may be driving these results. Our findings thus suggest that increasing exposure to Black politicians in high-profile positions might contribute to narrowing the White-Black gap in education in the US
Unambiguous trends combining absolute and relative income poverty: new results and global application
No full textOver the period 1990–2015, many countries experienced a reduction in extreme absolute poverty and an increase in relative poverty. As a result, the global trend of “overall” income poverty, which combines absolute and relative poverty, may depend on arbitrary normative choices such as the priority given to the absolutely poor over the relatively poor. This article proves that, if one assumes that an individual who is absolutely poor is poorer than an individual who is only relatively poor, the overall poverty trend is sometimes independent of the priority parameter, even for cases for which absolute and relative poverty follow opposite trends. A survey conducted for this study suggests that this normative assumption collects broad support. This article applies overall poverty measures satisfying this assumption to assess the evolution of global poverty from 1990 to 2015. Results show that global overall poverty has been (at least) halved, regardless of the value chosen for the priority parameter
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