1,720,962 research outputs found
The influence of age on the rubber hand illusion
No full textThe rubber hand illusion is a perceptual illusion whereby a model hand is embodied during tactile stimulation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the onset time of the illusion in relation to age. We used two sensors, made using Arduino NANO, in order to record the onset time in which the participants said to start perceiving the illusion. The subjects involved in the experiment were divided in 3 age groups: 16-20, 21-50, and 51-88 years. We observed a clear-cut stronger manifestation of the illusion in the younger group both in terms of proportion of responders vs. non-responders, which was higher in the first age group, and in terms of illusion onset time which was shorter in the same group. These results were substantiated by the responses to a questionnaire measuring subjective perception of the illusion
Detecting phishing e-mails using text mining and features analysis
Full text linkPhishing e-mails are used by malicious actors with the aim of obtaining sensitive information from a victim, deceiving or blackmailing them. An inattentive or uninformed user may often fail to recognise if an e-mail is sent by an authentic sender or is a scam. We therefore sought to develop a method that can effectively and efficiently detect phishing e-mails and report them to the user. We analyse all the information available on receipt of the e-mail both statically and performing text mining on the content and subject of the e-mail. In addition to indicating weather e-mails are suspicious, the degree of accuracy with which the above statement is made is also reported, and the aspects of the e-mail that are characteristic of a phishing e-mail are highlighted. Excellent results were achieved with our methodology, reaching 99.2% accuracy
Can the position on the screen of an image influence its judgment? The case of high- and low-calorie foods
Full text linkIf a food product is not perceived positively in its appearance, it is unlikely eaten. However, there are several subtle spatial cues able to bias attitudes towards food, such as the position where it is displayed. To date, no-one has investigated how the placement of high-calorie food (HcFd) or low-calorie food (LcFd) on a screen, influences them evaluations. Thus, we asked 57 participants to rate food images that appeared on the center, on the top, on the bottom, on the left or on the right side of the screen. For each item participants evaluated on a 100 mm VAS the liking, the desire to eat and buy, and the willingness to pay. We found that HcFd liking and desire to eat were higher when images were shown on the bottom side and lower when shown on the left side of the screen; LcFd liking scores were lower when shown on the bottom side and higher when shown on the left side of the screen. Such results were consistent with the literature reporting a peculiar perceptual/preference bias determined by the placement of high- and low-calorie products. Both policy makers and sellers can use such knowledge respectively to prevent unhealthy food intake or to improve the effectiveness of the advertisements
How head and visual movements affect evaluations of food products
No full textMany studies suggest that specific movements or postures with shared social meaning can influence mainly verbal stimuli evaluation. On the other hand, several visuospatial biases can interact with this influence. Thus, we tested whether both head and stimuli movements can influence individual attitude towards food pictures. In two experiments, we used images of common foods with a weak positive valence in association with two kinds of movements. In Experiment 1, head movement was induced by presenting food pictures with a vertical or horizontal continuous movement on a computer screen. Conversely, Experiment 2 was conducted to test the effects of participants' own head movements with respect to the same food pictures presented in a fixed position. In neither case did head movements influence product evaluation. However, Experiment 1 revealed that the continuous movement left-right-left in the horizontal condition improved the desire to buy and eat, as well as the willingness to pay for the product shown. Two further experiments, the Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated, respectively, that this effect disappears if the stimulus does not make the return direction, and that it does not depend on the starting or final placement of the images on the screen. These findings are discussed in the context of embodied cognition and visuospatial bias theories
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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