1,720,993 research outputs found
Assessment of the current status and effectiveness of area-based conservation measures banning trawling activities in the Adriatic Sea
Full text linkThe marine environment is highly stressed by anthropogenic pressures, among which fisheries, and in particular bottom trawling, are one of the main sources of impact. Area-based conservation measures can help conserve and restore ecosystems and population structures and therefore constitute a key tool to the achievement of the 14th Sustainable Development Goal, preservation of the ocean. The purpose of this paper is to provide an assessment of the compliance of area-based conservation measures. The Adriatic Sea has been selected as a case study area, as one of the most intensively trawled areas in the world where different countries share its resources and consequently different management strategies are put in place. We present a review of the marine managed areas established in the Adriatic Sea in 2019, providing information on their characteristics, temporal variabilities, and scopes. Through the processing of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, the monthly bottom fishing activity performed within each area was inferred and the intensity was assessed. Thus, the effectiveness of trawling bans was evaluated. We demonstrated that full respect of the prohibition was effective in 73% of the areas, while trawling activity was recorded with different intensities in 149 out of 549 managed areas
Integrating AIS and SAR to monitor fisheries: A pilot study in the Adriatic Sea
No full textThe synergic utilization of data from different sources, either ground-based or spaceborne, can lead to effectively monitor fishing activities in close proximity of managed areas, and help tackle the problem of global overfishing. To this end, the integration of spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and cooperative Automatic Identification System (AIS) information has the appealing potential to provide a better picture of what is happening at sea by detecting vessels that are not reporting their positioning data (intentionally or not) and, on the other side, by validating ships detected in satellite imagery. In this context, this paper deals with the investigation of "suspicious" AIS data gap and the integration of SAR-based ship detection by a point-to-point and a point-to-line types of association. Time-filtered and classified AIS transmissions (according to the gear in use) are used to predict SAR positions, with the next step being to search/match corresponding SAR-based targets. A case study is analyzed, in which the method is tested in proximity of managed areas characterized by significant AIS blackouts, using occasional Sentinel-1 images of the central Adriatic Sea and AIS data
Deepwater red shrimp fishery in the eastern-central Mediterranean Sea: AIS-observed monthly fishing effort and frequency over 4 years
Full text linkDeep-sea fishery in the Mediterranean Sea was historically driven by the commercial profitability of deepwater red shrimp (DWRS), and understanding spatiotemporal dynamics of fishing is key to comprehensively evaluate the status of these profitable resources and prevent stock collapse. A 4-year time series of observed monthly patterns and related frequency of trawling disturbance based on an automatic identification system (AIS) is provided with a resolution of 0.01° ×0.01°, accounting for the spatial extent and temporal variability in deepwater (DW) bottom-contact fisheries during the period 2015-2018. The dataset was estimated from 370 fishing vessels that were found to perform trawling in deep water (400-800 m) during the study period, and they represent a significant part of the real fleet exploiting these fishing grounds in the study area. The reconstructed deepwater trawling-effort dataset is available at: 10.17882/89150 (Pulcinella et al., 2022). This large-scale and high-resolution dataset may help researchers of many scientific fields, as well as those involved in fishery management and in the update of existing management plans for deepwater red shrimp fisheries as foreseen in relevant recommendations of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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