26 research outputs found
SPINOSAD APPLICATION PREVENTS DAMAGE BY AGRIOTES SPP. LARVAE (WIREWORMS) AND PROTECTS MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) YIELD IN NORTHEAST ITALY
No full textPhloem-restricted phytoplasmas impair carbon fixation in tomato
No full textPhytoplasmas are prokaryotic obligated parasites of plants
that colonize the sieve elements of their host plant, causing
alterations in phloem function such as occlusion, nutrients
uptake and utilization, impairment of photosynthesis and
photo assimilates translocation. Symptoms have been well
described and include inhibition and decline of photosynthesis
efficiency and alterations in sugar metabolism. Our
research group has been investigating the effects of ‘Candidatus
Phytoplasma solani’ infection on tomato plants (Solanum
lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) by RNA-sequencing.
Analyzing tomato plants grown under different Fe regimes,
we demonstrated that infection changes Fe distribution in
leaves, affects photosynthetic machinery and perturbs shootto-
root communication. Moreover, infection impacts mineral
nutrient fluxes and alters ion homeostasis of K, Ca, Mg, Fe
and Mn. Here, we focus our analysis on the transcriptional
regulation of genes involved on carbon fixation and carbon
metabolism. A gene co-expression network was investigated
with a weighted correlation approach implemented in the
R package WGCNA. Gene expression and protein analysis
highlighted key genes of carbon fixation pathway and confirmed
impairment of carbon metabolism
The sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum: A focal point of phytoplasma-host plant interaction?
No full textThe rough endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER) is of paramount importance for adaptive responses to biotic stresses due to an increased demand for de novo synthesis of immunity-related proteins and signaling components. In nucleate cells, disturbance of r-ER integrity and functionality leads to the “unfolded protein response” (UPR), which is an important component of innate plant immune signalling. In contrast to an abundance of reports on r-ER responses to biotic challenges, sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum (SE-ER) responses to phytoplasma infection have not been investigated. We found that morphological SE-ER changes, associated with phytoplasma infection, are accompanied by differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in shaping and anchoring the reticulum. Phytoplasma infection also triggers an increased release of bZIP signals from the (SE-ER)/r-ER and consequent differential expression of UPR-related genes. The modified expression patterns seem to reflect a trade-off between survival of host cells, needed for the phytoplasmic biotrophic lifestyle, and phytoplasmas. Specialized plasmodesmata between sieve element and companion cell may provide a corridor for transfer of phytoplasma effectors inducing UPR-related gene expression in companion cells
Tagging Giant Otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) (Carnivora, Mustelidae) for radio-telemetry studies
No full textMemphis Zoo, U.S. Forest Service, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico CNPq, Earthwatch InstituteProjeto Ariranha/Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA)Instituto Chico Mendes and Cantao State Park[13183]Instituto Chico Mendes and Cantao State Park[17960
Detecting levels of autozygosity in two pure lines of pigs using genomic and pedigree data.
No full textGenetic diversity analysis of two commercial breeds of pigs using genomic and pedigree data.
No full textAbstract Background: Genetic improvement in livestock populations can be achieved without significantly affecting genetic diversity if mating systems and selection decisions take genetic relationships among individuals into consideration. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic diversity of two commercial breeds of pigs. Genotypes from 1168 Landrace (LA) and 1094 Large White (LW) animals from a commercial breeding program in Brazil were obtained using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 Beadchip. Inbreeding estimates based on pedigree (Fx) and genomic information using runs of homozygosity (FROH) and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) by SNP inbreeding coefficient (FSNP) were obtained. Linkage disequilibrium (LD), correlation of linkage phase (r) and effective population size (Ne) were also estimated. Results: Estimates of inbreeding obtained with pedigree information were lower than those obtained with genomic data in both breeds. We observed that the extent of LD was slightly larger at shorter distances between SNPs in the LW population than in the LA population, which indicates that the LW population was derived from a smaller Ne. Estimates of Ne based on genomic data were equal to 53 and 40 for the current populations of LA and LW, respectively. The correlation of linkage phase between the two breeds was equal to 0.77 at distances up to 50 kb, which suggests that genome-wide association and selection should be performed within breed. Although selection intensities have been stronger in the LA breed than in the LW breed, levels of genomic and pedigree inbreeding were lower for the LA than for the LW breed. Conclusions: The use of genomic data to evaluate population diversity in livestock animals can provide new and more precise insights about the effects of intense selection for production traits. Resulting information and knowledge can be used to effectively increase response to selection by appropriately managing the rate of inbreeding, minimizing negative effects of inbreeding depression and therefore maintaining desirable levels of genetic diversity
Duodenum transcriptome profile of laying hens submitted to different levels of calcium and phosphorus in the diet.
No full textIdentificação e caracterização de variantes funcionais no transcriptoma de duodeno em poedeiras.
No full textResumo: O aumento no número de trabalhos de sequenciamento de RNA (RNA-Seq) tem permitido que estes dados sejam utilizados em abordagens além da análise de expressão gênica diferencial. Entre elas, pode-se citar a identificação de variantes funcionais baseadas em dados de RNA-Seq que tem se tornado uma alternativa para prospectar polimorfismos em diversas espécies. Sabendo que esta estratégia é pouco utilizada nos estudos com galinhas, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e caracterizar variantes funcionais no transcriptoma de duodeno de galinhas poedeiras. Para isso, dados de transcriptoma de duodeno de galinhas foram utilizados para a detecção de variantes utilizando o software GATK. Em seguida, as variantes identificadas foram anotadas com a ferramenta Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) do Ensembl. Foram identificadas 119.046 variantes nos transcriptomas avaliados, sendo que 106.644 já haviam sido descritas (89,6%) e 12.402 (10,4%) foram descritas neste trabalho. Entre as novas variantes encontradas, podem-se citar mutações missense com efeitos deletérios nos genes TNFRSF10B, DHX8, NRDC e SSPN que estão em regiões de QTL para diversas características de interesse para a avicultura. Estes dados constituem uma fonte de conhecimento da variabilidade genética desta espécie, contribuindo para um melhor entendimento da genômica funcional de aves. Abstract: The increase in the RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) studies has allowed the use of these datasets in new approaches other than differentially expression analysis. One of them is the functional variants identification that has become an alternative way to prospect polymorphisms in several species. Since there are few studies using RNA-seq to find variants in chickens, this study aimed to identify and to characterize the presence of functional variants in the laying hens? duodenum transcriptome. To this, chicken duodenal transcriptome data were used for variant detection using GATK software. The identified variants were annotated using Ensembl's Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) tool. A total of 119,046 variants were found in the evaluated transcriptomes, where 106,644 were existing (89.6%) and 12,402 (10.4%) were novel variants. Among them, it is possible to highlight some missense mutations with deleterious effects predicted in the TNFRSF10B, DHX8, NRDC and SSPN genes that are in QTL regions for several traits of interest to poultry industry. Our data constitute a source of knowledge in the chicken genetic variability, contributing to a better understanding on its functional genomics
Expressão diferencial de genes relacionados ao metabolismo de cálcio e fósforo em poedeiras com diferentes níveis de desempenho.
No full textResumo: Cálcio (Ca) e Fósforo (P) são minerais essenciais na nutrição de poedeiras, participam em muitas funções metabólicas e na formação da casca do ovo. Níveis inadequados desses elementos podem resultar em perdas significativas na qualidade dos ovos, vida produtiva e bem estar de poedeiras. Portanto, utilizando a técnica de RNA-Seq, objetivou-se analisar o perfil de expressão gênica relacionada a mecanismos homeostáticos de Ca e P fornecidos na dieta de poedeiras. Para isso, foram utilizadas 27 amostras do duodeno, de três grupos de poedeiras que receberam diferentes níveis na dieta de Ca:P e apresentaram diferentes desempenhos produtivos: alto (4.71% Ca e 0.21% P), baixo (3.29% Ca e 0.49% P) e grupo controle (Ca 4% e 0,35% P). Considerando todas as comparações entre os grupos, um total 107 genes foram diferencialmente expressos (DE, FDR < 0.05) no duodeno. Destes, pode-se destacar FGF7, MYLK, CAB39L, ILIRLI, PKIA, CAV1, COL3A1 e TNIP3. Nenhum desses havia sido previamente associado com a regulação de Ca:P na dieta de poedeiras. A identificação desses genes é importante para a melhor compreensão de mecanismos envolvidos na modulação e no uso eficiente desses minerais na dieta das galinhas. Abstract: Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are essential minerals in laying hens nutrition, participating in many metabolic functions, including eggshell formation. Inadequate levels of these elements can result in significant losses in egg quality, productive life and welfare of the laying hens. Therefore, using the RNA-Seq analysis, the gene expression profile related to Ca and P homeostatic mechanisms in the diet of laying hens was evaluated. To this, 27 duodenum samples from three groups of laying hens that received different levels of Ca:P in the diet and had different productive performances: high (4.71% Ca and 0.21% P), low (3.29% Ca and 0.49% P) and control group (Ca 4% and 0.35% P) were used. Considering all comparisons among groups, 107 genes were differentially expressed (DE, FDR < 0.05) in the duodenum. Of these, the FGF7, MYLK, CAB39L, ILIRLI, PKIA, CAV1, COL3A1 and TNIP3 can be highlighted. None of them had been previously associated with Ca:P regulation. The identification of these candidate genes is important to improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved with the modulation and the efficient use of these minerals in the chicken diet
Proteína e porosidade de raízes de milho "Saracura" influenciada por cálcio e encharcamento do solo.
No full text
