9,263 research outputs found
Competitiveness and dynamic cumulative causation in an export-led growing economy
No full textThe role of the real exchange rate (RER) in explaining long-run processes of catching-up and falling-behind continues to be a question of central importance among alternative theories of growth and distribution. Existing empirical evidence suggests a positive association between exchange rates in levels and growth, especially in developing countries, though a currency depreciation has adverse effects. While these two elements have been separately incorporated into demand-led growth theories, a comprehensive assessment of the dynamic interaction between them is still missing. This article attempts to fill such a gap in the literature by developing an export-led growth model in which price and non-price competitiveness respond to the level and variation of the RER. In equilibrium, relative prices and the fundamentals of the productive structure are simultaneously determined. A more depreciated exchange rate and higher non-price competitiveness are associated with a higher rate of growth. It is shown that the interplay between a destabilizing force from the goods market, and a stabilizing mechanism from the labor market, might give rise to persistent and endogenous long-run cycles of structural change. The model is used to revisit the historical experience of East Asia (EA) and Latin America (LA) in the post-war period. We show our system fits crucial stylized facts, particularly the tendency of LA to have a more appreciated RER, its lower non-price competitiveness and dynamic economies of scale, and stronger distributive conflict, resulting in less growth and greater volatility
Appendix_1 – Supplemental material for Altered chemical evolution in landfill leachate post implementation of biodegradable waste diversion
No full textSupplemental material, Appendix_1 for Altered chemical evolution in landfill leachate post implementation of biodegradable waste diversion by SJ Warwick, P Durany-Fernandez, DJ Sapsford, PJ Cleall and MJ Harbottle in Waste Management & Research</p
Isolation of biogenetically competent mitochondria from mammalian tissues and cultured cells
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Self-compression of 4.9 µm pulses to sub-40 fs with 2 mJ energy in Zinc Sulfide
No full textNonlinear self-compression of few-cycle multi-mJ pulses at 4.9 µm in ZnS is presented. 80 fs input pulses are compressed to 37 fs with 2.1 mJ energy at a 1 kHz repetition rate. © 2024 The Author(s
Susceptibility of Paenibacillus larvae isolates to a tetracycline hydrochloride and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil mixture
No full textThe antimicrobial activity of tetracyc line hydrochloride (OTC) and cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees) essential oil (CEO)
was evaluated against six different isolates of Paenibacillus larvae (White), the causal agent of Am erican Foulbrood (AFB) disease
in honey bee colonies. The bacteria isolates were collected from different localit ies of Argentine. Minimal inhibitory concentration
(MIC) in MYT broth by the tube dilution method was evaluated fo r each substance and for the combinations of both antimicrobials
using Krogstad and Moellering technique in order to establish the possible synergistic effects between these substances. OTC me an
MIC values were of 3.67 ± 1.80 μg/ml, while the mean MIC values obtained for CEO were of 41.67±19.17 μg/ml. An inhibitory
synergetic effect between these substances was observed with FIC index < 1 on 50% of the on P. larvae isolates
Multiagent-Based Transactive Energy Management Systems for Residential Buildings with Distributed Energy Resources
No full text© 2005-2012 IEEE. Proper management of building loads and distributed energy resources (DER) can offer grid assistance services in transactive energy (TE) frameworks besides providing cost savings for the consumer. However, most TE models require building loads and DER units to be managed by external entities (e.g., aggregators), and in some cases, consumers need to provide critical information related to their electricity demand and usage, which hampers their privacy. This article introduces a transactive energy management framework for the buildings in a residential neighborhood to address grid overloading and cost optimization of the buildings. The decentralized coordination for the energy management system is realized by using a multiagent system architecture, which provides the consumers with full decision-making authority and preserves their privacy. A new event-triggered transactive market algorithm is developed, where the buildings trade energy to maximize profits, while the regional grid operator procures energy-supply flexibility of active consumers to prevent transformer overloading. A two-stage energy management system is developed for the residential buildings that schedules building loads and DER units in day-ahead stage to minimize cost and inconveniences for the consumer while participating in the real-time transactive market to maximize profits. An optimal bidding model is developed for the buildings that incorporates the degradation of residential storage devices for energy trading. Case studies and analyses with actual Australian building data and electricity tariff structures indicate the efficacy of the proposed methodology for effective mitigation of transformer overloading at a negligible cost compared to transformer replacement cost. Results also indicate that the proposed system can provide 15-20% cost savings for the consumers while minimizing their inconveniences and degradation of storage devices
Optimal price based control of HVAC systems in multizone office buildings for demand response
No full textOptimizing the scheduling of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in multizone buildings is a challenging task, as occupants in various zones have different thermal preferences dependent on time-varying indoor and outdoor environmental conditions and price signals. Price-based demand response (PBDR) is a powerful technique that can be used to handle the aggregated peak demand, energy consumption, and cost by controlling HVAC thermostat settings based on time-varying price signals. This paper proposes an intelligent and new PBDR control strategy for multizone office buildings fed from renewable energy sources (RESs) and/or utility grid to optimize the HVAC operation considering the varying thermal preferences of occupants in various zones as a response of real-time pricing (RTP) signals. A detailed mathematical model of a commercial building is presented to evaluate the thermal response of a multizone office building to the operation of an HVAC system. The developed thermal model considers all architectural and geographical effects to provide an accurate calculation of the HVAC load demand for analyses. Further, Occupants’ varying thermal preferences represented as a coefficient of a bidding price (chosen by the occupants) in response to price signals are modeled using an artificial neural network (ANN) and integrated into the optimal HVAC scheduling. Furthermore, a control mechanism is developed to determine the varying HVAC thermostat settings in various zones based on the ANN prediction model results. The effect of the proposed strategy on aggregator utility with wider implementation of the developed mechanism is also considered. The optimization problem for the proposed PBDR control strategy is formulated using a building's thermal model and an occupant's thermal preferences model, and simulation results are obtained using MATLAB/Simulink tool. The results indicate that the proposed strategy with realistic parameter settings shows a reduction in peak demand varying from 7.19% to 26.8%, contingent on the occupant's comfort preferences in the coefficient of the bidding price compared to conventional control. This shows that the proposed approach successfully optimizes the HVAC operation in a multizone office building while maintaining the preferred thermal conditions in various zones. Moreover, this technique can help in balancing the energy supply and demand due to the stochastic nature of RESs by cutting electricity consumption
Nitrogen doping and the performance of superconducting radio-frequency niobium cavities: insights from neutron diffraction and neutron Compton scattering
No full textNeutron Compton scattering and neutron diffraction have been applied to investigate the influence of nitrogen doping of niobium on the performance of superconducting radio-frequency niobium cavities. To this end, a comparative study of the neutronic response of two samples has been performed. An electro-polished and nitrogen-doped niobium sample was compared with a standard, a niobium sample that has only undergone the electro-polishing procedure. The first piece of information, provided by neutron diffraction, is that additional conditioning of the electro-polished cavity material, through doping with nitrogen, leads to a systematically larger niobium lattice expansion, which provides an upper conservative limit of nitrogen concentration consistent with values reported in the literature. Furthermore, neutron Compton scattering shows a broadening of the niobium momentum distribution in the nitrogen-doped sample, as compared to the standard, thus indicating an increased degree of ordering and binding of niobium in the metal lattice. On the whole, these observations suggest that nitrogen-doping leads to some degree of lattice ordering, most likely due to increased hydrogen trapping, in agreement with previous results using surface spectroscopy
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