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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Genetic basis and molecular mechanisms of sodium reabsorption in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron
No full textL'aldostérone et le récepteur minéralocorticoïde (MR) jouent un rôle clés dans la régulation de la volémie et de la pression artérielle (PA) en stimulant la réabsorption sodée dans les cellules du néphron distal sensible à l'aldostérone (NSDA). Les tubulopathies héréditaires, liées au dysfonctionnement de protéines régulatrices de la réabsorption sodée, sont à l'origine de déséquilibres de la balance hydro-sodée impactant le système rénine-angiotensine-aldostérone (SRAA). L'hypertension hyperkaliémique familiale (FHHt), caractérisée par une hypertension associée à une hyperkaliémie et une acidose métabolique, est due à des variations dans les gènes CUL3, KLHL3, WNK1 et WNK4. Le syndrome de Gitelman (SG), caractérisé par une perte rénale de sel, une hypokaliémie, une hypomagnésémie et une activation du SRAA, et est dû à des variations perte de fonction du gène SLC12A3 codant pour le co-transport Na+Cl-. Par ailleurs, des études d'association ont montré que la PA et les taux plasmatiques de rénine et d'aldostérone sont modulés par des polymorphismes fréquents (SNP) du MR dans la population générale. L'objectif de mon travail de thèse était l'identification des bases génétiques de tubulopathies et les mécanismes moléculaires de la réponse minéralocorticoïde dans le NDSA. Les résultats permettront une meilleure prise en charge des patients et la compréhension des déterminants de la régulation de la PA dans la population générale. Par l'analyse d'une cohorte de patients avec FHHt, j'ai identifié une corrélation génotype/phénotype: les formes précoces et sévères sont associées aux anomalies moléculaires du gène CUL3 et à la forme autosomique récessive (AR) de KLHL3 , les formes intermédiaires à celles de WNK4 et aux délétions de l'intron 1 de WNK1 et la forme moins sévère à celles du domaine acide de WNK1. Des nouvelles variations pathogènes ont été identifiées. J'ai confirmé que les variations pathogènes du gène CUL3 sont exclusivement des variants d'épissage de l'exon 9. L'analyse phénotypique de sujets porteurs de variations KLHL3 suggère un effet de dosage génique plutôt qu'un effet dominant négatif. Par séquençage long-read, nous avons identifié la 2ème variation du gène SLC12A3 chez 45 de 67 patients avec SG. 60% des 2èmes variations identifiées étaient situées en position exonique ou à la jonction intron-exon, soulignant les aléas techniques lors de l'analyse de routine. L'analyse fonctionnelle par mini-gène de 6 nouvelles variations d'épissage a confirmé un saut d'exon ou l'insertion d'un pseudo-exon sur le transcrit.J'ai réalisé la microdissection de tubules distaux de reins de souris surrénalectomisées et traitées à l'aldostérone pour une analyse de séquençage d'ARN en noyaux unique (sn-RNAseq). L'analyse de snRNAseq a mis en évidence 30 clusters de cellules, parmi lesquels 3 clusters de cellules co-exprimant Nr3c2 et Hsd11b2. Parmi les gènes exprimés différentiellement dans les cellules du NDSA après le traitement à l'aldostérone, 162 gènes sont surexprimés, et 149 gènes sous exprimés (y compris Nr3c2 dans les cellules principales du canal collecteur). L'analyse comparative des proportions cellulaires de chaque segment du NDSA ne met pas en évidence de différence significative. J'ai développé un modèle stable de lignée cellulaire rénale humaine HK sur-exprimant les allèles C ou G du SNP fréquent du MR c.-2C>G. Le modèle a été validé en termes d'expression de NR3C2 et du MR et de réponse à l'aldostérone. J'ai observé une baisse de l'expression de l'allèle G, suggérant une possible diminution de l'isoforme hMR-B. Par des approches de ChIP qPCR, j'ai montré un enrichissement dans la région promotrice des gènes cibles SCNN1A (allèle C : 3.5 fois, allèle G : 6,9 fois) et PER1 (allèle C : 77,6 fois, allèle G : 82,5 fois). L'analyse intégrant mRNAseq et ChIP-seq permettra l'identification de nouvelles cibles du MR impliquées dans la réponse à l'aldostérone en fonction du génotype.Aldosterone and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) play a key role in the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure (BP) by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the cells of the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN). Inherited tubulopathies, related to dysfunction of proteins regulating sodium reabsorption, affect the fluid-sodium balance and impact the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt), characterized by hypertension associated with hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, is due to variations in the CUL3, KLHL3, WNK1 and WNK4 genes. Gitelman syndrome (GS), characterized by renal salt loss, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and RAAS activation, is due to loss-of-function variations in the SLC12A3 gene encoding NCC. Furthermore, association studies have shown that BP and plasma renin and aldosterone levels are modulated by frequent polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MR in the general population. The objective of my PhD work was to identify the genetic basis of tubulopathies and the molecular mechanisms of the mineralocorticoid response in the ASDN. The results may allow a better management of patients and the understanding of BP regulation determinants in the general population. Through analyses of patients with FHHt, I identified a genotype/phenotype correlation: early and severe forms are associated with molecular abnormalities of the CUL3 gene and the autosomal recessive (AR) form of KLHL3, intermediate forms with those of WNK4 and deletions of intron 1 of WNK1, and the less severe form with those of the acidic domain of WNK1. New pathogenic variations were identified. I confirmed that the pathogenic CUL3 variations are exclusively splice variants of exon 9. Phenotypic analysis of subjects carrying KLHL3 variations suggests a gene dosage effect rather than a dominant-negative effect.Using long-read sequencing, we identified the 2nd variation in the SLC12A3 gene in 45 out of 67 patients with GS. 60% of the 2nd variations identified were located at the exonic position or at the intron-exon junction, highlighting the technical hazards of routine analysis. Functional analysis by mini-gene of 6 new splice variations confirmed an exon skipping or the insertion of a pseudo-exon on the transcript. I performed microdissection of distal tubules from kidneys of aldosterone-treated adrenalectomized mice in order to perform single nucleus RNA sequencing (sn-RNAseq) analysis. The snRNAseq analysis revealed 30 clusters of cells, including 3 clusters of cells co-expressing Nr3c2 and Hsd11b2. Among the genes differentially expressed in cells from the ASDN after aldosterone treatment, 162 genes were overexpressed, and 149 genes were underexpressed (including Nr3c2 in the principal cells of the collecting duct). Comparative analysis of the cell proportions of each segment of the ASDN shows no significant difference after aldosterone treatment. Finally, I developed a stable human renal cell line HK model overexpressing the C or G alleles of the frequent MR c.-2C>G SNP. The model was validated in terms of NR3C2 and MR expression and aldosterone response. I observed a decrease in the expression of the G allele, suggesting a possible decrease in the hMR-B isoform. By ChIP qPCR approaches, I observed an enrichment of the binding sites of the promoter regions of target genes SCNN1A (C allele: 3.5-fold, G allele: 6.9-fold) and PER1 (C allele: 77.6-fold, G allele: 82.5-fold). Analysis integrating mRNAseq and ChIP-seq will allow the identification of new MR targets involved in the aldosterone response according to genotype
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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