1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Impacts des forçages radiatifs atmosphériques sur le climat tropical
No full textThe radiative budget within the atmosphere is critical for the Earth s climate, since the atmospheric radiative cooling is an important driver of atmospheric circulations and the global mean hydrological cycle. Recently, it has been shown that changes in the radiative cooling of the atmosphere have profound impacts on atmospheric circulations and regional precipitation and that these impacts occur within just a few days. The radiative effects of clouds (or CRE) strongly modulate the radiative budget at the top of the atmosphere but also, within the atmosphere. By modulating the atmospheric radiative heating rates, clouds have the potential to affect the atmospheric circulation and the global hydrological cycle. While early studies focused on the impacts of tropical high-clouds atmospheric cloud radiative effects (ACRE), the ACRE of low-clouds, which are the prevailing type of clouds over the ocean and in the tropics, have received much less attention. The goal of this thesis is to better understand the role that low-cloud ACRE play in the tropical climate. For this purpose, we perform simulations in which planetary boundary layer (PBL) clouds are made transparent to the radiation scheme in a climate model. When PBL ACRE is removed, both the hydrological cycle and atmospheric circulation are weakened over tropical oceans. The analysis of the moist static energy (MSE) and water budgets reveals that PBL ACRE affects tropical precipitation and circulation through the strong coupling with surface heat fluxes. To investigate the time-scales involved, we run the model in numerical weather prediction mode. Weather forecasts simulations show that the impacts of low-cloud radiative effects on the tropical climate occur in days, which allows us to use short-term simulations to explore the sensitivity of our results to model formulation. Sensitivity tests and long-term simulations of different configurations of the model, show that our results are robust in this model. Experiments performed with other state-of-the-art climate models confirm the robustness of our results in the present-day climate. To explore the role that PBL ACRE play in the response of PBL clouds to climate change, we use simulations from different climate models in which PBL clouds are made transparent to radiation and sea surface temperature (SST) is increased by 4K. A multi-model analysis of the role of PBL ACRE in climate change show that PBL clouds are as efficient as high-clouds in counteracting the increase of radiative cooling produced by a warmer atmosphere. Surprisingly, PBL clouds are shown to decrease the spread in hydrological sensitivity estimates among climate models.Le bilan radiatif atmosphérique est essentiel pour le climat de la Terre, parce que le refroidissement radiatif de l atmosphére est un facteur important de la circulation atmosphérique et du cycle hydrologique moyenne global. Récemment, il a été montré que des changements dans le refroidissement radiatif de l atmosphère ont des répercussions profondes sur la circulation et les précipitations et ces impacts se produisent dans quelques jours. Les effets radiatifs des nuages (ou CRE en anglais) modulent fortement le bilan radiatif au sommet de l atmosphére, mais aussi, dans l atmosph ere. En modulant les taux de chauffage radiatif de l atmosphère, les nuages ont le potentiel d affecter la circulation atmosphérique et du cycle hydrologique global. Alors que les premières études ont porté sur les effets radiatifs atmosphériques (ACRE) des nuages hautes, l ACRE des nuages bas, qui sont le type dominant de nuages sur l océan, ont reçu moins d attention. L objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre le rôle que jouent l ACRE des nuages bas dans le climat tropical. A cet effet, nous effectuons des simulations dans lesquelles les nuages de la couche limite planétaire (PBL) sont rendues transparentes au rayonnement dans un modèle de climat. Lorsque PBL ACRE est enlevé, à la fois le cycle hydrologique et la circulation atmosphérique sont affaiblis sur des océans tropicaux. L analyse du bilans de l énergie statique humide (MSE) et de l eau révèle que le PBL ACRE affecte des précipitations tropicales et de la circulation à travers du couplage fort avec les flux de chaleur de la surface. Pour étudier les échelles de temps impliquées, nous lançons le modèle de climat en mode de prévision météorologique. Les simulations de court temps montrent que les impacts de PBL ACRE sur le climat tropical se produisent en quelques jours, ce qui nous permet d utiliser des simulations à court terme pour explorer la sensibilité de nos résultats à la physique du modèle de climat. Des tests de sensibilité et des simulations à long terme des différentes configurations du modèle, montrent que nos résultats sont robustes dans ce modèle. Les expériences réalisées avec d autres modèles confirment la robustesse de nos résultats dans le climat actuel. Pour explorer le rôle que l ACRE PBL joue dans la réponse des nuages bas au changement climatique, nous utilisons des simulations de modèles climatiques différents dans lesquels les nuages bas sont transparent au rayonnement et la température de surface de la mer (SST) est augmentée en 4K. Une analyse multi-modèle du rôle de l PBL ACRE dans le changement climatique montre que les nuages bas sont aussi efficaces que des nuages hautes en s opposer à l augmentation de refroidissement radiatif produit par une atmosphère plus chaude. Étonnamment, les nuages bas contribuent à réduire la dispersion des estimations de sensibilité hydrologiques entre les modèles climatiques.PARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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