1,720,955 research outputs found
Population trend and distribution of mountain (Lepus timidus) and brown hares (Lepus europaeus) in Central Alps (N-Italy, 1980–2020)
No full textMountainous regions are very vulnerable to climate changes, as they experience higher temperature increases than the surrounding environments. A general movement of species toward higher altitudes, in search of suitable sites, is being observed. In the case of the Italian Alps, an expansion of the brown hare (Lepus europaeus) is possible within the zones occupied by the mountain hare (Lepus timidus), which frequents higher altitudes. The risk is an increase in the hybridization and a contraction of the mountain hare’s range. In this study, we analyzed the hunting bags (weighted by the number of active hunters each year) of brown and mountain hares from the period of 1980–2020, in the province of Sondrio (Central Alps) in northern Lombardy (N-Italy), with the aim of (i) highlighting any population trends in relation to climate change,
(ii) identifying altitudinal changes in the distribution of the two species over the years, (iii) identifying the environmental variables that influence the distribution of the two species, and (iv) creating suitability maps in the study area. To study population trends, the hunting bag data were corrected by dividing the number of hare shot by the number of active hunters in that year. For both species, no population trends were found between 1980 and 2020. Weather variables do not seem to have influenced population trends. No significant trends in the altitudinal distribution of the two species were observed over the period investigated. The results indicate that the two species select different altitudes, with the exception of the belt between 1600 and 1800 m a.s.l. Both species select meadows
Planning low-impact tourist paths within a Site of COmmunity Importance through the optimisation of biological and logistic criteria
No full textA leading goal in the management of protected areas is to promote a balanced coexistence between wildlife and people. Although this target may be achieved by limiting human activities through buffer zones and restricted areas, a more rigorous approach can be based on optimisation models founded on quantitative and transparent scientific methodologies. In this paper, a decision model is proposed, for the first time, for planning low-impact tourist paths within a European Union Site of Community Importance. The proposed methodology seeks to plan optimised paths based on a virtual landscape built on both biological and logistic criteria. Our model consists of four steps: (1) choice of biological and logistic constraints; (2) selection of biological and logistic factors; (3) use of fuzzy scoring to standardize and weight criteria and (4) application of least-cost modelling to the virtual landscape resulting from previous steps.
We identified three optimised routes for new tourist paths which have the least possible impact on existing biodiversity (habitats, plant and animal species), meeting logistic criteria as well. The proposed approach also allows the impacts of suggested paths to be estimated quantitatively thereby allowing comparison with existent paths. Proposed paths, based on optimisation, perform considerably well; furthermore, we were able to propose the decommissioning of eight existing paths that have high impacts on biodiversity. This work not only proposes a framework for planning low-impact tourist paths within protected areas, but also purports the idea that, through the use of proper optimisation models, a satisfactory balance between nature and human activities is achievable
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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