1,721,009 research outputs found
Assessing witness credibility and reliability : engaging experts and disengaging Gage?
Get PDFThis chapter critically evaluates the justification for the current exclusion of experts on the psychology of witnessing in terms of the idea that they are not necessary for the proper resolution of dispute. It examines whether this "necessity" test is doctrinally justified and then whether such experts can in fact contribute to the proper resolution of dispute
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Research Participants and the Right to be Informed
Get PDFIntroducing Autonomy, Consent and the Law,1 Sheila McLean remarks that if the law is ‘to facilitate or protect the capacity of an autonomous person to make an autonomous choice – one that reflects his or her own values – it is necessary to develop standards that can ensure meaningful patient participation in healthcare decisions’.2 And, the development of such standards, McLean suggests, ‘is generally said to be the function of the legal doctrine of consent’.3 However, having analysed a sweep of English medical law (focusing on end-of-life questions, pregnancy, genetics and organ transplantation), McLean claims that the jurisprudence of (informed) consent is less than fully congruent with the idea that the autonomy of the patient is focal. Indeed, McLean concludes: ‘In building the rules around consent to treatment, courts have stopped short of ensuring that people are fully informed and therefore truly able to weigh their decisions and act in a self-determining manner’
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Cadder and beyond : suspects' rights and the public interest
Get PDFThe case of Cadder v HM Advocate in 2010 had an instant and seismic effect on Scottish criminal legal practice in a way that few other cases have ever had: emergency legislation had to be passed and was brought into force four days after the judgment; ultimately more than 850 prosecutions had to be abandoned. Cadder determined that the treatment of suspects in criminal offences, at the initial police interview stage in Scotland, was not adequate to ensure their right to a fair trial under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. As well as these unprecedented practical reverberations, the case generated considerable academic discussion around the merits of the Supreme Court’s decision. This piece moves beyond that discussion, concerning itself particularly with the balance of the rights of suspects with victims’ interests, and the relationship to the public interest which takes account of both. The chapter is principally concerned with the point in the criminal process when suspicion begins to crystallise around an individual or, in other words, when s/he begins to make the shift from witness to suspect in the eyes of the police. It will, initially, briefly outline the facts of Cadder. It will then consider, from a rights perspective, the status of ‘detention’ which was the subject of the Supreme Court’s criticism, its history and development and its perceived shortcomings, which are at the heart of the decision. From there it will examine post-Cadder litigation, including the so-called ‘sons of Cadder’ taking into account the regime for provision of legal assistance to suspects, waiver of the right to legal representation generally when making a statement to the police, confession evidence and the so-called “fruit of the poisonous tree” all within the overarching rights framework. Overall, the chapter addresses the question of whether the Scottish criminal justice system has now sufficiently addressed the Cadder criticisms taking account of both the legal principles in the (new) Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2016 and the ethos and spirit of the human rights- based culture from which it emanated.
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