1,720,971 research outputs found
[[alternative]]Loss of heterozygosity and its correlation with genetic polymorphisms of double-stranded break repair in lung cancer
No full text[[abstract]]Background: Most tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are recessive. Both copies of TSGs need to be inactivated for losing their biological function. One allele may be inactivated by point mutation and methylation change. The other is frequently inactivated by a large deletion involving the gene of interest as well as adjacent stretches of DNA. Thus, searches for genomic regions frequently deleted by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in cancer have helped to identify or confirm the location of several TSGs. In addition, lung cancer cells frequently exhibit marked chromosome instability such as high fractional allelic loss (FAL, an indication of genomic instability). We then postulated that genetic polymorphism of the double strand-break repair (DSBR) genes, Ku70, Ku80, Ligase IV, and XRCC4, may involve in lung cancer susceptibility. Purposes and Methods: To define the minimal deletion regions (MDRs) that may contain TSGs, we used 112 microsatellite markers to perform LOH analysis in tumors and corresponding normal tissues from 48 adenocarcinomas (ADs) and 36 squamous carcinomas (SQs) lung cancer patients. In addition, we investigated the frequency of four NHEJ (non-homologous end-joining) pathway genes Ku70 (C217G), Ku80 (G92504A), Ligase IV (G3539A, Thr9Ile), and XRCC4 (G275626A, splice-site) polymorphisms in 151 lung cancer patients and 162 cancer-free individuals. The joint effects of these four genes contributed to an increased cancer risk were also analyzed. Results: The average LOH frequency was 48% in AD and 42% in SQ. In addition, 12 MDRs and 13 MDRs were revealed in AD and SQ, respectively. The data suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in the development of AD and SQ. The average interval of 25 MDRs was 5.18 cM. We found that the loss of MDRA7p1 (D7S1818-D7S506, 7p12.1-7p12.3) was associated with AD, and the loss of MDRS9p1 (D9S2169-D9S286, 9p24.1-9p24.3) was associated with SQ and smoking. Furthermore, stage-specific and common deletion markers were identified, suggesting their role in tumor progression. Several candidate genes were annotated by the web-search tools and they can be target genes for further analyses. There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution of Ku70 (C217G), Ku80 (G92504A) polymorphism between lung cancer patients and cancer-free controls (P>0.05, multivariate logistic regression model). However, we found that patients with homozygous or heterozygous variant genotype (A/A or A/G) of Ligase IV (G3539A, Thr9Ile) polymorphism had a tendency to be associated with lung cancer risk (adjusted odds ratio, aOR=1.64, 95% confidence interval, CI=1.03-2.62, adjusted P=0.038). The patients with homozygous variant genotype (G/G) of XRCC4 (G275626A, splice-site) polymorphism also showed a significantly increase lung cancer risk (aOR=2.38, 95% CI=1.05-5.76, adjusted P=0.043). In addition, we found that the G/G frequency of XRCC4 was significant higher in high FAL patients than low FAL patients. (adjusted P=0.016). Furthermore, the joint effect was found between Ku70 and Ku80 as well as Ligase IV and XRCC4. The increased risk of developing lung cancer were 4.65 (95% CI=1.19-24.08, adjusted P=0.040) and 8.75 (95% CI=2.27-57.77, adjusted P=0.006), respectively, when patients harboring two putative high-risk genotypes in these genes. Conclusions: The LOH analysis and definition of MDRs can potentially be used for the clinical association study and the cloning of new TSGs whose aberration contributes to lung tumorigenesis. In addition, the polymorphic results suggest that the polymorphism in four NHEJ genes may be associated with the susceptibility to lung cancer. Our data provide new evidence that the NHEJ putative risk alleles may have a joint effect on the genomic instability of lung cancer.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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