1,720,981 research outputs found
Notes on two Parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from Taiwan
No full text本文為寄生於煙草粉蝨之日本恩蚜小蜂 (Encarsia japonica Viggiani) 與淺黃恩蚜小蜂 (Encarsia transvena (Timberlake)) 2種蚜小蜂之首次記錄。該兩種恩蚜小蜂亦為臺灣之新記錄種
(67(4):323-336)台灣寬薊馬亞科(纓翅目：管尾亞目：管尾薊馬科)之分類描述I 雙毛族
No full textFive genera and 11 species of Tribe Idolothripini of subfamily Idolothripinae in Taiwan are reviewed. Identification keys are provided, and diagnostic characteristics are described and illustrated. Dinothrips spinosus (Schmutz) is the first species and genus recorded in Taiwan.
本文記錄與描述台灣寬薊馬亞科 (Idolothripinae) 雙毛族 (Idolothripini) 5 屬11 種之分類特徵，族內每屬與同屬內之每種均製作檢索表，其中胸叉薊馬Dinothrips spinosus (Schmutz) 為台灣新紀錄屬與種
(64(2):135-144)Development of Primers for Detection of Whiteflies Carrying Leaf Curl Disease:
No full text以銀葉粉蝨 (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) 為媒介所傳播的南瓜捲葉病毒 (Squash leaf curl Philippines virus, SLCPHV)，係近年來在台灣中南部瓜類上常見的病毒病害，造成農民嚴重的損失。除了此病毒外，銀葉粉蝨尚可傳播其他的豆類金黃嵌紋病毒屬 (Begomovirus) 的病毒。因此，必須開發比原有簡併式CP1up/dw 更具專一性的引子對，以提高在田間進行南瓜捲葉病毒病害監測及銀葉粉蝨體內帶毒率偵測的準確度。本試驗利用滾環式擴增法擴增SLCPHV 及3 種田間常見的豆類金黃嵌紋病毒屬病毒番茄捲葉新德里病毒 (Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus, ToLCNDV)、藿香薊葉脈黃化病毒 (Ageratum yellow vein virus) 及木瓜捲葉廣東病毒 (Papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus)，以Bam HI 進行酶切，經選殖、定序、比對後，設計出可針對SLCPHV 的專一性引子對SLCVup/dw，並在田間常見的8 種瓜類作物與銀葉粉蝨蟲體上進行測試。結果顯示，使用專一性引子對SLCVup/dw 只會偵測到感染瓜類的SLCPHV 或ToLCNDV，以其檢測結果估算田間帶毒粉蝨之族群密度逐漸增加，與洋香瓜罹病率逐漸升高之趨勢相符。相較於簡併式引子對，顯示此專一性引子對具有更好的靈敏度及準確度，未來可應用於田間病害偵測及帶毒銀葉粉蝨之監測。
A viral disease caused by Squash leaf curl Philippines virus (SLCPHV), a begomoviurs transmitted by Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, is one of the most popular and serious diseases in muskmelon cultivation during the last decade in the central and southern Taiwan. In addition to SLCPHV, there are many begomoviruses transmitted by whitefly in Taiwan. Polymerrase chain reaction (PCR) assay with degenerated primers has been widely used for general detection of begomoviruses. The degenerated primer pairs CP1up/dw were designed based on the capsid protein gene of recorded begomoviruses in Taiwan and could amplify the viral DNA fragment of ca. 500 bp. The other degenerated primer pairs SLCVup/dw were designed to specifically target capsid protein gene of SLCPHV and Tomato leaf curl New Dali virus, i.e., two causing agents of squash leaf curl disease in Taiwan, and could amplify the viral DNA fragment of ca. 250 bp. In field survey of whitefly infection rate, results indicated that detection with CP1up/dw resulted in higher positive ratio than SLCVup/dw. Viruliferous whieflies could be detected with primer pairs CP1up/dw rather than with SLCVup/dw. Results showed that whitefly carried other begomovirus instead of SLCPHV. Comparison with CP1up/dw, the primer pairs SLCVup/dw possessed higher sensitivity and accuracy and therefore, they were more suitable for inspection of squash leaf curl disease and infection rate of B. argentifolii
(Special Publication of TARI No. 153)Pests of Ornamental Plants Identification and Management
No full textGlandular Areas of Male Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Important to Agricultural Plants in Taiwan
No full text薊馬為引起多種作物經濟損失、傳播植物病毒及檢疫障礙之重要農業害蟲。聚集費洛蒙為新興監測及防治誘引物質。雄蟲腹部腹板腺室為聚集費洛蒙釋放之可能源頭，腺室形狀、大小及分布位置，為輔助薊馬分類鑑定之依據。本文描述台灣薊馬科(Thripidae)15屬21種薊馬雄蟲形態及其腺室，依其特性製作檢索表作為鑑別21種類之參考。依據薊馬之經濟重要性、雄蟲發生比率及其腺室種類等，評估開發費洛蒙製劑之可行性。
Thrips are major agricultural pests that can cause produce to be quarantined, and they transmit plant viruses and cause damage to a multitude of crops. The use of an aggregation pheromone is a novel method for monitoring and controlling thrips. The glandular area on the sternite of male thrips is related to the secretion of pheromones. Therefore, the identification, shape, size and distribution of these glandular areas is useful. Adult males of 21 species belonging to 15 genera were examined and identified by their morphology and the characteristics of their glandular areas. We then considered the sex ratio of male to females, the glandular area of the males, the economic importance of these pests and other related issues and estimated the possibility to develop a pheromone formulation and its potential to be applied as a pest control in the field
(65(4):406-419) Analysis of Seed Purity for the Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Hybrid Using SSR Markers
No full text種子純度檢定是一代雜交種子生產中品質管控的關鍵性工作之一。利用生育特性的檢測 (grow out test; GOT) 方式僅比較植物生長至成熟期的外觀差異，檢測耗時且受制於環境；故亟需建立一個快速、可靠的DNA 檢測模式。本研究目的擬開發具有專一性與共顯性的簡單序列重複 (simple sequence repeat; SSR) 標誌，應用於番椒雜交種親本與雜交種子純度之檢測。利用2 個番椒雜交種及親本，篩選374 組SSR 引子對，結果獲得12 個高訊息的SSR 標誌；又取得其中5 個關鍵性SSR 標誌，進行3 個番椒雜交種 (No. 5、No. 6、No. 7) 的種子純度之檢定，經各取120 個樣品之檢測結果顯示，3 批次的雜交種子純度分別為99.2%、98.3% 和95.8%。利用SSR-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) 分析可篩選出自交種子之汙染株，也與GOT 檢測結果吻合。試驗顯示，SSR 標誌可作為快速、有效之檢測工具，有效地應用於番椒商業雜交種子純度的檢定。
Identification of seed purity of F1 hybrids is a critical factor of quality control in the production of hybrid seeds. The grow out test (GOT) is based on the morphological characters of plants grown to maturity. However, GOT may influence by the environment and is time consuming, there is necessary to identify a rapid and reliable test like DNA based assay for this purpose. The objective of this study was to generate specific and co-dominant SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers for discrimination of parental lines and the subsequent assessment of seed purity in pepper hybrids. Genomic DNA from two hybrids and their parental lines were screened with 374 SSR primer pairs and 12 informative SSR markers were identified. Among the informative SSR markers, five key markers were selected for seed purity test for No. 5, No. 6, and No. 7 hybrids. A total of 120 hybrid individuals from each hybrid were tested using the identified markers, and results showed the seed purity rate for the three hybrid seed lots were 99.2, 98.3 and 95.8%, respectively. The contamination of inbred seeds obtained by SSR-PCR analysis was comparable to the GOT method. These results indicated that SSR markers could be used as a rapid and efficient tool in testing the seed purity of the commercial pepper hybrid
(Special Publication of TARI No. 146) Proceedings of the Symposium on Production and Pest Management of Mango
No full text(62(4):351-359) Effects of Temperature on Development and Reproduction of Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood on Mango
No full text小黃薊馬（Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood）為影響檬果（Mangifera indica Linn）產量與品質的關鍵害蟲。本研究以檬果葉片飼育小黃薊馬，於20、24、28及32℃之恆溫下觀察其生活史，分析溫度對其發育與繁殖之影響，作為未來研擬防治策略之參考。結果顯示，在4個溫度下未成熟期薊馬之存活率均達80%以上；由卵發育至成蟲所需時間依溫度升高而縮短，分別為21.5、14.8、12.1及9.8 d；雌蟲的平均壽命依序為26.3、17.4、19.8及13.2 d；每一雌蟲一生總產卵數依序為37.3、38.4、74.0及40.0粒。由溫度與發育速率之直線回歸方程式，估算小黃薊馬卵至成蟲之發育臨界低溫為9.6℃，發育總積溫為219.1日度（degree-days）。以台南地區全年之有效積溫估計，小黃薊馬在檬果上年可發生約40世代，每年2－6月氣溫適合其生活發育與繁殖，也是其在檬果園發生高峰期。
The chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of key pests of mangoes (Mangifera indica Linn). Its life history was measured at constant temperatures of 20, 24, 28, and 32℃ on mango for evaluating the effect of the temperatures on development and fecundity of chilli thrips. Results showed that the survival rate of immature stages exceed 80% at four temperatures. The total developmental time decreased as the temperatures increased from 20, 24, 28, to 32℃ were 21.5, 14.8, 12.1, and 9.8 days, respectively; the mean longevity of the female was 26.3, 17.4, 19.8, and 13.2 days; and the mean fecundity per female was 37.3, 38.4, 74.0, and 40.0 eggs. The linear models adequately described the relationship between temperature and developmental rates for immature stages of chilli thrips. Thus, thrips required 219.1 degree-days to complete development from egg to adult stage, above a low threshold of 9.6℃ as estimated by linear regression. According to annual effective accumulated temperatures in Tainan climate condition, chilli thrips are expected to have about 40 generations per year, and the outbreak of population density appear from February to June in Tainan mango orchard
Thrips vectors of tospoviruses and their control
No full text薊馬傳播的番茄斑萎凋病毒屬 (Tospovirus) 病毒，廣泛分布世界各地，寄主多達千種以上，包括多種重要蔬菜、瓜果、花卉等作物，經常造成農作物重大經濟損失。薊馬是唯一傳播番茄斑萎凋病毒屬病毒的媒介昆蟲，迄今，全球已確認有 14 種薊馬傳播至少 20 種以上番茄斑萎凋病毒屬病毒。其中 6 種薊馬已有分布台灣之紀錄，包括台灣花薊馬 (Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom))、尖角薊馬(Frankliniella cephalica (Crawford))、梳缺花薊馬 (Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom ))、小黃薊馬 (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood)、南黃薊馬 ( Thrips palmi Karny) 及蔥薊馬 (Thrips tabaci Lindeman)，確認傳播番茄斑萎凋病毒 (Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV))、花生黃化扇斑病毒 (Peanut chlorotic fan-spot virus (PCFV))、番椒黃化病毒 (Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV))、彩色海芋黃化斑點病毒 (Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV))、洋香瓜黃斑病毒 (Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV))、西瓜銀斑病毒 (Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV))、番茄黃輪病毒 (Tomato yellow fruit ring virus (TYFRV))。本文乃綜合相關文獻及研究調查資料，簡介在台灣媒介病毒的薊馬種類，其分布、植物棲所、生態習性及傳播病毒概況，同時也探討評估各種防治措施對傳毒薊馬之防治效益及適用性，做為研擬防治對策及田間應用之參考.
Thrips-transmitted tospoviruses are a major plant viruses that infect over 1,000 plant species and cause severe yield losses to vegetable and ornamental crops worldwide. Thrips are validated as the only vectors that transmit tospoviruses in a persistent propagative manner. Fourteen thrips species were documented to spread more than 20 identified tospoviruses globally. Among them, six thrips vectors were reporedly distributed in Taiwan, including Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), Frankliniella cephalica (Crawford), Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, Thrips palmi Karny and Thrips tabaci Lindeman. Those thrips were reported to carry one or more of the following viruses that could infect numerous plants: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Peanut chlorotic fan-spot virus (PCFV), Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV), Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV), Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV), and Tomato yellow fruit ring virus (TYFRV). This paper compiles the information of relevant literatures and survey data to discuss the current status of thrips vectors in Taiwan including their distribution and plant habitats and their vectoring of viruses. In addition, the suitability and efficiency of various control tactics of thrips vectors for the eventual development of control measures will be discussed
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