1,721,240 research outputs found
Taxonomic notes on the genus Protanilla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) from Taiwan
No full textHsu, Po-Wei, Hsu, Feng-Chuan, Hsiao, Yun, Lin, Chung-Chi (2017): Taxonomic notes on the genus Protanilla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) from Taiwan. Zootaxa 4268 (1): 117-130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4268.1.
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic notes on the genus Protanilla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) from Taiwan
No full textFIGURE 4. Protanilla jongi sp. nov., paratype worker. Postpetiole (Abdominal segment III) in lateral view. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.Published as part of Hsu, Po-Wei, Hsu, Feng-Chuan, Hsiao, Yun & Lin, Chung-Chi, 2017, Taxonomic notes on the genus Protanilla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) from Taiwan, pp. 117-130 in Zootaxa 4268 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4268.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/57994
FIGURE 6. Protanilla lini Terayama, 2009 queen. A. Full-face view. B in Taxonomic notes on the genus Protanilla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) from Taiwan
No full textFIGURE 6. Protanilla lini Terayama, 2009 queen. A. Full-face view. B. Body in dorsal view. C. Body in profile view. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; B and C, 1 mm.Published as part of Hsu, Po-Wei, Hsu, Feng-Chuan, Hsiao, Yun & Lin, Chung-Chi, 2017, Taxonomic notes on the genus Protanilla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) from Taiwan, pp. 117-130 in Zootaxa 4268 (1) on page 125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4268.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/57994
Comparative analysis of apoptosis between stomach and lymphoid organ in white spot syndrome virus infected Penaeus monodon
No full text細胞凋亡是多細胞生物用來維持細胞恆定性和消除對自體有潛在危險性細胞的保護反應。宿主可啟動細胞凋亡機制讓受病毒感染的細胞死亡以限制病毒複製。另方面，病毒可調控細胞凋亡路徑延緩宿主細胞死亡以完成病毒複製或建立持續感染。本實驗將白點症病毒(White spot syndrome virus, WSSV)帶原草蝦(Penaeus monodon)及無WSSV帶原草蝦經肌肉注射WSSV或PBS為對照組。於不同時期取三個獨立樣本的胃和類淋巴組織，進行WSSV原位雜合反應(in situ hybridization)與細胞凋亡檢測(TUNEL assay)，以陽性反應細胞的百分比數進行定量分析組織內WSSV DNA複製與細胞凋亡發生程度。結果顯示草蝦於人工感染WSSV 72小時後， 於類淋巴器官內的TUNEL陽性反應細胞較胃高；相對地，類淋巴器官內的WSSV原位雜合陽性反應細胞較胃低。此結果為WSSV複製與細胞凋亡相互關係之日後研究奠定了基礎。Apoptosis is a genetically controlled multicellular organisms process to maintain homeostasis and remove the potentially dangerous cells. The host can exterminate the infected cells base on activating the apoptosis system and thus suppress virus reproduction. On the other hand, viruses could replicate themselves or cause persistent infection by regulating the apoptotic pathway to delay the death of host cell. The previous investigations indicate that apoptosis occurs in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected Penaeus monodon. In this study, WSSV-carriers and WSSV-free shrimp were intramuscularly injected with WSSV or PBS vehicle as controls. Moreover, three independent specimens of stomachs and lymphoid organs (LO) were then collected in different time points to examine apoptosis incurrence and levels of WSSV DNA replication through TUNEL assay and WSSV in situ hybridization (ISH) respectively. The findings reveal that the TUNEL positive cells were higher in the LO than in the stomach at 72 hours after WSSV infection. In contrast, the ISH positive cells were lower in the LO than in the stomach. The results facilitate further studies relationship between apoptosis and WSSV replication.第壹章 前 言
蝦白點症病毒…………………………………………… 1
蝦白點症病毒檢測……………………………………… 3
細胞凋亡………………………………………………… 4
細胞凋亡偵測…………………………………………… 6
研究目的………………………………………………… 7
笫貳章 材 料 與 方 法
一、草蝦來源與檢測…………………………………… 9
二、人工感染帶原草蝦和無帶原草蝦………………… 9
三、採集樣本包埋與組織切片………………………… 10
四、白點症病毒原位雜合之核酸探針製備…………… 10
五、白點症病毒原位雜合探針最佳反應濃度………… 11
六、白點症病毒原位雜合反應分析…………………… 12
七、細胞凋亡反應分析………………………………… 12
八、白點症病毒與細胞凋亡關聯性之統計分析……… 13
第參章 結 果
一、白點症病毒原位雜合反應分析…………………… 14
二、細胞凋亡反應訊號分析…………………………… 15
三、白點症病毒與細胞凋亡關聯性之統計分析……… 16
第肆章 討 論
討論……………………………………………………… 19
參考文獻………………………………………………… 25
表圖……………………………………………………… 38
附錄……………………………………………………… 49
參與發表論文…………………………………………… 6
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Phosphorylation of RNF4 by protein kinase A contributes to CCAAT-box related transcription
No full textRNF4 是一種在C端具有RING finger 的蛋白，目前已知可以藉由與細胞核中的不同蛋白作用來調控基因的轉錄表現；RNF4被認為是轉錄機制中的協同抑制因子或是活化因子。根據我們過去的研究，我們發現RNF4參與GCH此基因的轉錄表現，而且這樣的活化過程是藉由GCH基因上游啟動子中的CCAAT-box來達成。由於RNF4對於CCAAT-box 此區域並沒有專一性的辨認，所以我們認為RNF4是透過輔助CCAAT-box專一性蛋白的NF-Y來達成此轉錄機轉。綜合來說，我們認為RNF4在GCH基因上的啟動子扮演重要的角色。
在這次的研究中，我發現藉由蛋白質激酶PKA對RNF4的磷酸化可以促進含有CCAAT-box的GCH基因轉錄表現。從實驗上的結果，我們知道突變態的RNF4蛋白會影響蛋白質激酶PKA對RNF4的磷酸化，而進一步影響RNF4在GCH基因上的活化表現。我也發現S127、S166是蛋白質激酶PKA磷酸化的重要位置。除此之外，我還發現RNF4蛋白的C端鹼性區域對於其本身的活化與受到PKA的磷酸化相當重要。
總結來說，我們首次證明RNF4是受到訊息傳遞中的蛋白質激酶PKA磷酸化進而活化GCH基因的表現。The small nuclear RING finger protein 4 (RNF4) is a recently identified human RING finger protein that contains C3HC4-type zinc finger motif in the C-terminal region. RNF4 has been implicated in transcriptional regulation through interacting with a variety of nuclear proteins, and functions as a transcriptional corepressor or coactivator.
According to our previous study, we found that coactivator RNF4 is involved in the GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH) gene expression and we defined the RNF4-responsive element on GCH proximal promoter as a CCAAT-box. RNF4 did not possess specific DNA binding activity toward this CCAAT box, which suggests that RNF4 is a coactivator of the CCAAT box binding protein nuclear factor Y (NF-Y). Overall, we prove that RNF4 imposes functional importance on GCH promoter.
In this study, I demonstrated that protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of RNF4 activates the CCAAT-box containing GCH promoter. Results from biological and functional characterizations of RNF4 mutants defective in PKA phosphorylation sites suggest that PKA-dependent RNF4 phosphorylation is important for its role in GCH promoter activation. S127 and S166 of RNF4 are important phosphorylation sites in RNF4-mediated CAAT-box activation by PKA. Furthermore, I also found that the C-terminal basic region is essential for RNF4 phosphorylation and activation by PKA.
In summary, we first illustrate a novel RNF4-mediated PKA signaling pathway that leads to the activation of GCH promoter.EnglishAbstract……………………………………………………………………...3
ChineseAbstract……………………………………………………………………..4
Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………5
1. Introduction
1.1 RNF4 …...……….………………………………………………………………...6
1.2 The RING finger motif…………………………………………………………….8
1.3 GTP cyclohydrolaseⅠ…………………………………………………………..10
1.4 RNF4 and GCH promoter………………………………………………………..12
1.5 CCAAT-Box……………………………………………………………………...13
1.6 NF-Y……………………………………………………………………………..14
1.7 RNF4 and NF-Y………………………………………………………………….16
1.8 PKA pathway……………………………………………………………………..16
2. Material and Methods
2.1 Plasmid constructs………………………………………………………………..19
2.2 Cell culture……………………………………………………………………….19
2.3 Plasmid DNA purification………………………………………………………..20
2.4 Expression and Purification of Fusion Protein…………………………………...21
2.5 In vitro phosphorylation………………………………………………………….21
2.6 Transfection………………………………………………………………………22
2.7 Transient transfection…………………………………………………………….22
2.8 Transcriptional Activation and Luciferase Assay………………………………...23
2.9 Transformation…………………………………………………………………...23
2.10 In vitro translation………………………………………………………………23
3. Results
3.1 Forskolin up-regulates the activity of RNF4 through CCAAT-box……………...24
3.2 RNF4 is phosphorylated in cells…………………………………………………25
3.3 RNF4 is phosphorylated by PKA in vitro………………………………………..26
3.4 Identification of RNF4 residues phosphorylated by PKA……………………….26
3.5 PKA-mediated RNF4 activation of the CCAAT-box by phosphorylation on S127 and S166………………………………………………………………………….27
3.6 Cross-talk to MAPK signaling induction by PKA pathways…………………….28
3.7 The C-terminal basic region is essential for RNF4 phosphorylation and activation by PKA…………………………………………………………………………...29
3.8 Interaction with TBP is increased by RNF4 phosphorylation…………………....30
4. Discussion
4.1 Phosphorylation of RNF4 could contribute to CCAAT-box related transcription………………………………………………………………………31
4.2 Possible mechanisms for phospho-RNF4 mediated enhancement of CCAAT-box………………………………………………………………………32
4.3 MAPK signaling pathway may play a role in regulating the activity of RNF4….33
4.4 Other biological function of phosphrylated RNF4……………………………….34
5. Reference……………..........................................................................................35
6. Figure……………………………………………………………………………40
7. Appendix………………………………………………………………………..5
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Temperature on the Storage Quality of Green Bamboo shoots (Bambusa oldhami Munro)
No full text摘要
綠竹筍（Bambusa oldhami Munro）採後生理代謝旺盛，切口褐化與品質劣變快速不耐貯藏，於室溫貯藏1日後即失去商品價值。本試驗目的為尋求適當氣變包裝技術與貯藏溫度，以延長綠竹筍儲藏時間。綠竹筍利用LDPE塑材包裝於0℃、3℃、5℃、10℃貯藏後，檢測其鮮重、總醣含量、組織截切力、粗纖維含量、切口顏色與褐化面積，皆證明低溫貯藏能有效延緩劣變。綠竹筍於貯藏10天後進行官能品評，其中於0℃、3℃可維持較佳風味，其組織細緻度與整體接受度較佳，因此再進一步比較不同塑材（LDPE、PP）配合不同包裝模式（空氣、真空）於0℃及3℃之貯藏效果。在真空包裝方面，雖可降低褐化面積，使切口色澤較佳，但由於無法經適當通透氧氣與二氧化碳，造成袋內氧氣降低（2%）且二氧化碳累積（40%），進而導致醣降解快速並使組織產生異味；在另一方面，空氣包裝則可維持較佳風味，且延緩褐化作用以3℃較佳。此外，PP塑材包裝之綠竹筍其切口表面黃化程度較LDPE高。綜合前述，使用LDPE塑材配合空氣包裝，可保持較佳品質。若於LDPE塑材包裝進行穿刺一微小孔洞以利氣體交換，則可延長貯藏時間至15天。穿孔處理之組別在鮮重、總醣含量、組織截切力方面接顯示能維持較佳品質，其中以直徑0.15 mm孔洞則能有效延緩褐化。總而言之，綠竹筍以具有一0.15 mm孔洞之LDPE塑材進行包裝並貯藏於3℃能維持最佳品質。Summary
Post harvest green bamboo shoots（Bambusa oldhami Munro）are characterized by an increased respiration and browning, storage life were lose in one day under room temperature storage. In this study, the appropriate modified atmosphere packaging condition and storage temperature to extend storage life of green bamboo shoots were investigated. Green bamboo shoots were packed with LDPE bag, after 0℃, 3℃, 5℃ or 10℃ storage, fresh weight, total sugar content, cutting force, total fiber content, color value and browning area were examined, all these results prove that low temperature storage could reduce decay. Sensory evaluation were perfomred after 10 days storage. 0℃and 3℃ storage, it provide better flavor, tender texture and high consumer acceptance. Moreover, the effect of LDPE and PP packaging combined with different package model（air、vacuum）were investigated. Althogh the vacuum packaging could reduce color change and browening, however the atmosphere filtration could not perforem effectivily, result in low O2 （2%）and high CO2 concentration（40%）in bag than cause rapid sugar degradation and off-flavor. On the other hand, air packaging could maintain better flavor and 3℃ storage reduce browning better. Beside, PP packaging was more yellowing than LDPE packaging. The microperforated on package can improve gas excahge, and extend storage life to 15 days. The examination on fresh weight, total sugar content and texture were illustrated that microperforated could maintain better quality, especially with 0.15 mm penetration. In conclusion, package with LDPE bag combine 0.15 mm penetration and store in 3℃ is the best condition of green bamboo shoots storage
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
