1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Design on oligopeptide-based system for efficient nucleic acid delivery to cells
No full textNucleic acids are used as the template for protein synthesis, and this nature allows a wide range of biomedical applications. Developing new tools for efficient delivery of the exogenous nucleic acids into cells would expand the range of possible targets beyond what is generally accessible by conventional pharmaceutics. However, the clinical promise of nucleic acid is hindered by the poor cytosol delivery. For mRNA, the intact and functional mRNA is expected to be delivered into cytosol; for DNA, successful cytosol delivery is a pre-requisite for efficient transfection. Delivery difficulties drive the design of various delivering vehicles, categorized as viral and non-viral. The non-viral vectors appear to be the next generation tools for efficient delivery, but there is still much room for improvement in transfection efficiency compared to viruses. Therefore, it has been considered to take advantage of both systems by incorporating some features of the virus into non-viral delivery systems. Our lab has previously designed a platform to mimic viral capsid based on oligopeptide. Compared with the dominant lipid- and polymer-based systems, the peptide-based systems enable automated synthesis, allow singlestep formulation with nucleic acid, and have good biocompatibility. However, limited endosomal escape and poor cytosol delivery were the bottle neck for peptide-based systems, as in other non-viral systems. This thesis explored multiple ways for intracellular delivery in peptide-based systems, especially overcoming the endosomal escape bottle neck. Different methods have been incorporated, including peptide sequence modification, co-assembling procedure optimization, and surface modification of the assemblies. By understanding of the inter- and intra-molecular interactions within the assemblies’ structure, we discovered the significant alteration resulted by the subtle changes within the peptide sequence. In particular, the side-chain length and the neighboring atom (carbon vs sulfur) of the diphenylalanine analogues had significant impact on the morphologies of the peptide self-assemblies and peptide/DNA co-assemblies. This study demonstrates the significance of subtle alterations in aromatic interactions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the sequence modification. Therefore, to improve endosomal escape, we firstly considered directly incorporating fusogenic peptides that have been shown to improve endosomal escape in other delivery systems. For fusogenic peptide sequence incorporation, we reported the improvement by attaching the fusogenic peptide, L17E, onto the peptide self-assembled nanodisks structure. This modification achieved 2-fold increase in DNA transfection efficiency. However, the final efficiency was less than that of commercially available reagents, and complex preparation procedures might hinder the single-step formulation advantage of the peptide-based delivery system. Therefore, for subsequent mRNA delivery, direct sequence modification was used. The peptide for mRNA delivery was named pepMAX, which contains 1) a positively charged N-terminal to strengthen mRNA binding, 2) a hydrophobic segment with redox trigger to promote self-assembly and cytosol disassembly, 3) hydrophilic N-terminal for aqueous dispersion and 4) more histidines to increase the proton sponge effect. PepMAX was capable of co-assembling with mRNA into 100-150 nm nanostructures for efficient transfection of multiple cell lines. In HeLa, Hek293 and SKNMC, transfection attained (>80%) was comparable with commercially available vectors specific for mRNA delivery (LipoMMAX). The pepMAX efficiency was further improved by manipulating the peptide/mRNA co-assembling procedure. Micron-sized co-assemblies were obtained by addition of salt during pre-incubation. Here, pepMAX2 differs from the pepMAX in its N-terminal, with peptide sequence the same while no Fmoc at the end, which might lead to a higher proportion of charge-charge interactions in regulating co-assembling process. Due to ionic electrical screening, the size of the co-assemblies could be adjusted by salt concentrations. These micron-sized co-assemblies showed 90% transfected cell percentage and 2-fold protein expression level compared to the LipoMMAX. Mechanism study and live-cell confocal intracellular tracking demonstrated the non-classical endocytosis pathways by these particles. Micron-sized particles enter cells via an energy-dependent lipid-raft pathway and then release mRNA into cytosol, which might act as a reservoir in the cytosol to avoid enzymatic degradation while maintain a more consistent release rate of mRNA. In general, this thesis reported the design methods within the peptide-based delivery system for improving the transfection efficiency, including changes in peptide sequence, on peptide self-assemblies’ surface, and during co-assembling procedures. Staring with single cell line DNA delivery, we eventually achieved with multiple cell line, efficient mRNA delivery and even 2-fold higher protein expression than commercially available reagent. (LipoMMAX) We successfully achieved intracellular delivery, especially overcoming the endosomal escape bottle neck.</p
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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