82 research outputs found
Replication Data for: Influence of preanalytical and analytical factors on the quantification of six regulatory serum proteins
No full textData for six serum proteins BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF-A, TGF-ß1, MCP-1, and IL-18, measured from serum taken into two different blood tubes and analyzed on two different platforms
Neue Ansätze zur Differenzierung zwischen Personen mit präklinischer und klinischer Alzheimer-Erkrankung und gesunden Probanden validiert durch Cerebrospinalflüssigkeit
No full textIntroduction: Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is complex, the earlier the disease's stage, the more difficult. Various factors are hindering an effortless diagnosis of the disease. Depressive symptoms can be a confounding variable, and the established diagnostic tools to find neurobiological evidence for a developing AD are high in cost and effort. Therefore, novel approaches providing differential diagnostic information are wanted.
Methods: For Menne et al., 2020, sensitivity and specificity of different neuropsychological tests to discriminate between 190 CSF-positive and 307 CSF-negative subjects with varying numbers of depressive symptoms were calculated. For Schipke & Menne et al., 2020, a logistic algorithm with 6 serum biomarkers was trained and validated to be used for dichotomous classification (suspicious/not suspicious of AD) on 55 subjects with MCI AD, 25 subjects with MCI non-AD, and 68 healthy controls. For Miebach et al., 2019, a semi-structured interview on subjective cognitive decline was conducted with memory clinic patients and controls without objective cognitive decline (healthy controls n=76, AD relatives n=24, subjective cognitive decline n=105). Subsequently, interview questions were associated with CSF biomarkers.
Results: For Menne et al., 2020, we found that the neuropsychological test TMT-B is best in discriminating between patients with and without CSF values typical for AD in subjects with elevated numbers of depressive symptoms. For Schipke & Menne et al., 2020, it could be shown that the biomarker panel can differentiate between MCI due to AD patients and healthy controls with an accuracy of 86%. For Miebach et al., 2019, it was found that reported decline in memory and language abilities is associated with lower Aß-42 levels in CSF.
Discussion: Early and differential diagnostic for AD is crucial for taking preventive action as early as possible. The established diagnostic gold standard, for which neurobiological evidence for AD is essential, is not readily available to the broader public for various reasons. With the findings presented here, we demonstrate alternative approaches to the established diagnostic measures, which are possible to be performed outside of specialized memory clinics. Furthermore, they are lower in cost and effort and less invasive.Einleitung: Die Diagnose der Alzheimer-Krankheit (AD) ist komplex, je früher das Stadium der
Erkrankung, desto schwieriger. Es gibt verschiedene Faktoren, die eine einfache Diagnose der Krankheit
erschweren. Depressive Symptome können dabei eine Stör-Variable sein, und die etablierten
Diagnosewerkzeuge, um neurobiologische Hinweise für eine beginnende AD zu finden, sind mit hohen
Kosten und Aufwand verbunden. Daher sind neuartige Ansätze nötig, die differentialdiagnostische
Informationen liefern.
Methoden: Für Menne et al., 2020, wurden Sensitivität und Spezifität verschiedener
neuropsychologischer Tests zur Unterscheidung zwischen 190 CSF-positiven und 307 CSF-negativen
Probanden mit verschiedener Anzahl depressiver Symptome berechnet. Für Schipke & Menne et al.,
2020, wurde ein logistischer Algorithmus mit 6 Serumbiomarkern trainiert und validiert, um dann für
eine dichotome Klassifizierung (hinweisgebend / nicht hinweisgebend auf AD) bei 55 Probanden mit
MCI bei AD, 25 Probanden mit non-AD MCI sowie 68 gesunden Kontrollen angewendet zu werden.
Für Miebach et al., 2019, wurde ein halbstrukturiertes Interview zu subjektiven Gedächtnisbeschwerden
mit Patienten und Kontrollen ohne objektivierbare kognitive Einschränkungen aus verschiedenen
Memory Clinics durchgeführt (gesunde Kontrollen n=76, AD-Verwandte n=24, subjektive Gedächtnisbeschwerden n=105). Anschließend wurden die Interviewfragen mit CSF-Biomarkern
assoziiert.
Ergebnisse: Für Menne et al., 2020, fanden wir, dass bei einer erhöhten Anzahl depressiver Symptome
der neuropsychologische Test TMT-B am besten zur Unterscheidung zwischen Patienten mit und ohne
AD-typische Liquor-Werte geeignet ist. Für Schipke & Menne et al., 2020, konnte gezeigt werden, dass
das Biomarker-Panel mit einer Genauigkeit von 86% zwischen MCI aufgrund von AD-Patienten und
gesunden Kontrollen unterscheiden kann. Für Miebach et al., 2019, wurde festgestellt, dass ein
subjektiver Rückgang der Gedächtnis- und Sprachfähigkeiten mit niedrigeren Aß-42-Spiegeln im
Liquor verbunden ist.
Diskussion: Früh- und Differentialdiagnostik für AD ist essenziell zur frühestmöglichen Prävention. Der
etablierte diagnostische Goldstandard, für den neurobiologische Hinweise auf AD unerlässlich sind, ist
aus verschiedenen Gründen für die breite Öffentlichkeit nicht niedrigschwellig zugänglich. Mit den hier
vorgestellten Ergebnissen zeigen wir, dass es alternative Ansätze zu den etablierten diagnostischen
Maßnahmen gibt, die außerhalb spezialisierter Gedächtnisambulanzen durchgeführt werden können.
Darüber hinaus sind sie kostengünstiger und weniger invasiv
Novel approaches for the differentiation between subjects with preclinical and clinical Alzheimer’s disease and healthy subjects validated by cerebrospinal fluid
No full textDe productie van propeenoxide volgens het chloorhydrineproces,
No full textDelftChemTechApplied Science
Keramik aus Megalithgräbern in Nordwestdeutschland: Interaktionen und Netzwerke der Trichterbecherwestgruppe
No full textDie Grabbeigaben neolithischer Megalithgräber in Nordwestdeutschland unterliegen einem stetigen Wandel. Durch die neuen Forschungen an megalithischen Bestattungsplätzen im Verbreitungsgebiet der Trichterbecherwestgruppe deckt die Autorin ein engmaschiges kulturelles Netzwerk auf. Dafür wird ausgewählte Grabkeramik neben einer deskriptiven Analyse mit aktuellen naturwissenschaftlichen Methoden hinsichtlich ihrer materialkundlichen Aspekte untersucht. Erstmals wird der dadurch erkennbare Innovationstransfer zwischen den Nutzern der Megalithgräber detailliert erfasst. Es kristallisiert sich ein klarer Kontrast von Identitäten innerhalb der neolithischen Gesellschaft heraus, der sich gleichsam in Prozessen von Adaptionen und Normierung in territorialen und naturräumlichen Grenzen widerspiegelt. Das Emsland nimmt hierbei mit seinen zahlreichen Gräbern dieser Art eine bedeutende Mittlerrolle innerhalb der Trichterbecherwestgruppe ein.The grave goods of Neolithic megalithic graves in north-west Germany are subject to constant change. Through new research on megalithic burial sites in the distribution area of the Funnel Beaker west group, the author uncovers a close-knit cultural network. In addition to a descriptive analysis, selected burial ceramics are analysed using current scientific methods with regard to their material aspects. For the first time, the resulting recognisable transfer of innovation between the users of the megalithic tombs is recorded in detail. A clear contrast of identities within Neolithic society crystallises, which is reflected in processes of adaptation and standardisation within territorial and natural boundaries. With its numerous graves of this type, the Emsland region plays an important mediating role within the Funnel Beaker west group
Über die funktionale Klassifikation von Arbeit (On a functional classification of work)
No full text"The author develops a new variant of the classification of work. The starting point for this is the organisation for which a function is performed. Here a function is understood in the sense of a position that someone holds, this position being determined in the dimensions of the specialist task field and the hierarchical level. In particular for job placement processes a concept is presented in which the information on the organisation is supplemented with details about the industry and information on personal know-how is supplemented with details about education and training. The systematic approach to classifying the diverse areas of tasks in an establishment proceeds in a top-down manner. The functional classification differs from previous occupational conceptions on the one hand by its starting point of the 'organisation', on the other hand by the reduction to the relationship structure within the organisation: associations of psychological and ethical-moral factors that are always conjured up by the term occupation are left out of account. Instead of this a model of formalised descriptions of the particular framework of responsibility and task area are provided. In this way the activity in various organisations can be made comparable and the preselection of applicants can be organised more rationally." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Klassifikation, Arbeit, Tätigkeitsmerkmale, Berufskonzept, Anforderungsprofil, Qualifikationsprofil
Psychotherapeutically Competent Child Guidance – General Framework and Legal Foundations
No full textHilfen zur Erziehung (HzE) sind pädagogische und damit verbundene therapeutische Leistungen. Für Erziehungsberatung als HzE ist deshalb psychotherapeutische Kompetenz konstitutiv. Der Beitrag beschreibt die fachlichen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen einer Psychotherapie in der Erziehungsberatung. Er stellt zum einen die Zusammensetzung der multidisziplinären Teams (einschließlich der in den Einrichtungen tätigen Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten und Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten) und die von den Fachkräften erworbenen therapeutischen Zusatzqualifikationen dar. Zum anderen zeichnet er die rechtliche Grenze zwischen heilkundlicher Psychotherapie mit ihren wissenschaftlich anerkannten Psychotherapieverfahren und -methoden und einer Psychotherapie in der Erziehungsberatung nach. Dabei wird auch die Anwendbarkeit des neuen Patientenrechtegesetzes mit seinen an einen Behandlungsvertrag zu stellenden Anforderungen (Facharztstandard, Informationspflicht, Einwilligung und Selbstbestimmmungsaufklärung sowie Dokumentation) auf die Erziehungsberatung erörtert. Der Autor plädiert für den Erhalt psychotherapeutischer Kompetenz in der Erziehungsberatung als einer Leistung sui generis und sieht gerade in deren therapeutischer Kompetenz ihren spezifischen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Hilfen zur Erziehung. (DIPF/Orig.)Assistances in education are pedagogical and therapeutic benefits connected with it. For child guidance as an assistance in education therefore psychotherapeutic competence is constitutive. The article describes the professional and legal framework of a psychotherapy in child guidance. It specifies on the one hand the composition of the multi disciplinary team (including child and youth psychotherapists and psychological psychotherapists) and the additional therapeutic qualifications acquired by the skilled employees. On the other hand it traces the judicial border between a medical psychotherapy with its scientifically recognised psychotherapy procedures and methods and a psychotherapy in child guidance. The applicability of the new law on the rights of patients with its requirements on a contract governing medical treatment (standards of medical specialists, duty to provide information, information provided for self-determination as well as documentation) on child guidance is discussed as well. The author argues for the preservation of psychotherapeutic competence in child guidance as a benefit sui generis and sees precisely in its therapeutic competence its specific contribution to the advancement of the assistances in education. (DIPF/orig.
Watersysteem en stadsvorm in Holland : Een verkenning in kaartbeelden: 1575, 1680, 1900 en 2015
No full textIn 1901, the Polderkaart van de landen tusschen Maas en IJ (Polder map of the lands between Maas and IJ) appeared in print. This large coloured wall map was the work of W.H.Hoekwater of Charlois, a teacher by profession.The map had an educational purpose: Hoekwater wanted to show just what a ‘singular country’ this low-lying area of the Netherlands was, built and maintained through the ‘sheer willpower and genius of earlier and current inhabitants’. His explanatory notes consist of a brief technical introduction and, most notably, a summary and description of the storage drainage systems and associated hydraulic engineering works, with tables showing the different water levels. Hoekwater had two versions of his explanatory notes printed, one for municipal, polder and water boardadministrators and one for school children.Hoekwater’s map showed the hydraulic engineering works in the area between the rivers Maas and IJ, and how those entities discharged into the waters outside the dyke system. Hoekwater had drawn the map on his own initiative, without having been commissioned to do so by a district water board or any other organisation. Since the sixteenth century, large wall maps of various water board districts had been made at the behest of dyke and polder boards. Those older maps show the territory of the relevant water board complete with watercourses and the main ngineering works under its control. None of those maps transcends the level of scale of a single water board district. But it is not just its scale that makes Hoekwater’s unique. Hoekwater depicts the entire water system and its operation in an innovative way, using colour schemes to enable viewers to follow the flow of water.
Erratum
Rowin van Lanen is erroneously not listed as author of 'Water system and city form in Holland'.
Note 1 on page 47 should read: This research was a collaboration between the Cultural Heritage Agency and the Faculty of Architecture at Delft University of Technology. The texts were written by Jaap Evert Abrahamse, Menne Kosian and Reinout Rutte; they serve as explanatory notes to the maps, which were compiled by Otto Diesfeldt and Iskandar Pané on the basis of a historical GIS created by Menne Kosian and Rowin van Lanen, and expanded under the supervision of Yvonne van Mil by Thomas van den Brink and Arnoud de Waaier. The writing of this text would not have been possible without the cooperation of Guus J. Borger, who provided critical comments on an earlier version, of which grateful use was made.In 1901 verscheen de Polderkaart van de landen tusschen Maas en IJ in druk. Deze monumentale gekleurde wandkaart was vervaardigd door W.H. Hoekwater, afkomstig uit Charlois, van beroep onderwijzer. De kaart had een educatief doel: Hoekwater wilde laten zien hoezeer laag Nederland ‘een eigenaardig land’ was, aangelegd en in stand gehouden door ‘wilskracht en genie der vroegere en tegenwoordige bewoners’. In zijn toelichting geeft Hoekwater een korte technische inleiding, maar vooral een opsomming en beschrijving van de boezemsystemen en bijbehorende kunstwerken, met tabellen van de verschillende waterstanden. Hoekwater had twee versies van zijn toelichting laten drukken, één voor gemeente-, polder- en waterschapsbesturen en één voor scholieren.Op zijn kaart liet Hoekwater onder meer zien uit welke waterstaatkundige eenheden het gebied tussen Maas en IJ bestond en hoe die eenheden uitboezemden op de uitenwateren. Hoekwater had de kaart op eigen initiatief getekend, zonder opdracht van een hoogheemraadschap of enige andere organisatie. Sinds de zestiende eeuw zijn van diverse hoogheemraadschappen grote wandkaarten gemaakt in opdracht van de colleges van dijkgraaf en heemraden. Die oudere kaarten tonen het grondgebied van het betreffende hoogheemraadschap met de daarin gelegen waterlopen en de belangrijkste kunstwerken die het in beheer had. Geen van die kaarten overstijgt het schaalniveau van een enkel hoogheemraadschap. Maar de kaart van Hoekwater is niet alleen vanwege zijn schaal een uniek document. Hoekwater laat het complete watersysteem en het functioneren ervan zien op een innovatieve manier. Via de kleurschakeringen op de kaart is de loop van het water te volgen.
Erratum
Rowin van Lanen is abusievelijk niet vermeld als auteur van ‘Watersysteem en stadsvorm in Holland’.
Noot 1 op pagina 47 moet luiden: Dit onderzoek was een samenwerking tussen de Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed en de Faculteit Bouwkunde van de Technische Universiteit Delft. De teksten zijn geschreven door Jaap Evert Abrahamse, Menne Kosian en Reinout Rutte; deze dienen als toelichting bij de kaarten, die werden samengesteld door Otto Diesfeldt en Iskandar Pané op basis van een historisch GIS dat werd gemaakt door Menne Kosian en Rowin van Lanen, en onder leiding van Yvonne van Mil uitgebreid door Thomas van den Brink en Arnoud de Waaier. Het schrijven van deze tekst was niet mogelijk geweest zonder de medewerking van Guus J. Borger, die een eerdere versie van kritisch commentaar voorzag, waarvan dankbaar gebruik is gemaakt
Cross-sectional analyses of climate change impacts
No full textThe authors explore the use of cross-sectional analysis to measure the impacts of climate change on agriculture. The impact literature, using experiments on crops in laboratory settings combined with simulation models, suggests that agriculture will be strongly affected by climate change. The extent of these effects varies by country and region. Therefore, local experiments are needed for policy purposes, which becomes expensive and difficult to implement for most developing countries. The cross-sectional technique, as an alternative approach, examines farm performance across a broad range of climates. By seeing how farm performance changes with climate, one can estimate long-run impacts. The advantage of this approach is that it fully captures adaptation as each farmer adapts to the climate they have lived in. The technique measures the full net cost of climate change, including the costs as well as the benefits of adaptation. However, the technique is not concern-free. The four chapters in this paper examine important potential concerns of the cross-sectional method and how they could be addressed, especially in developing countries. Data availability is a major concern in developing countries. The first chapter looks at whether estimating impacts using individual farm data can substitute using agricultural census data at the district level that is more difficult to obtain in developing countries. The study, conducted in Sri Lanka, finds that the individual farm data from surveys are ideal for cross-sectional analysis. Another anticipated problem with applying the cross-sectionalapproach to developing countries is the absence of weather stations, or discontinued weather data sets. Further, weather stations tend to be concentrated in urban settings. Measures of climate across the landscape, especially where farms are located, are difficult to acquire. The second chapter compares the use of satellite data with ground weather stations. Analyzing these two sources of information, the study reveals that satellite data can explain more of the observed variation in farm performance than ground station data. Because satellite data are readily available for the entire planet, the availability of climate data will not be a constraint. A continuing debate is whether farm performance depends on just climate normals-the average weather over a long period of time-or on climate variance (variations away from the climate normal). Chapter 3 reveals that climate normals and climate variance are highly correlated. By adding climate variance, the studies can begin to measure the importance of weather extremes as well as normals. A host of studies have revealed that climate affects agricultural performance. Since agriculture is a primary source of income in rural areas, it follows that climate might explain variations in rural income. This is tested in the analysis in Chapter 4 and shown to be the case. The analysis reveals that local people in rural areas could be heavily affected by climate change even in circumstances when the aggregate agricultural sector in the country does fine.Climate Change,Environmental Economics&Policies,Wetlands,Global Environment Facility,Montreal Protocol,Environmental Economics&Policies,Climate Change,Wetlands,Global Environment Facility,Montreal Protocol
The impact of heat waves on mortality.
No full textBACKGROUND: Heat waves have been linked with an increase in mortality, but the associated risk has been only partly characterized. METHODS: We examined this association by decomposing the risk for temperature into a "main effect" due to independent effects of daily high temperatures, and an "added" effect due to sustained duration of heat during waves, using data from 108 communities in the United States during 1987-2000. We adopted different definitions of heat-wave days on the basis of combinations of temperature thresholds and days of duration. The main effect was estimated through distributed lag nonlinear functions of temperature, which account for nonlinear delayed effects and short-time harvesting. We defined the main effect as the relative risk between the median city-specific temperature during heat-wave days and the 75th percentile of the year-round distribution. The added effect was defined first using a simple indicator, and then a function of consecutive heat-wave days. City-specific main and added effects were pooled through univariate and multivariate meta-analytic techniques. RESULTS: The added wave effect was small (0.2%-2.8% excess relative risk, depending on wave definition) compared with the main effect (4.9%-8.0%), and was apparent only after 4 consecutive heat-wave days. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the excess risk with heat waves in the United States can be simply summarized as the independent effects of individual days' temperatures. A smaller added effect arises in heat waves lasting more than 4 days
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